IELTS Writing Academic Vocabulary Masterlist

IELTS Academic Vocabulary flashcards focusing on high-level terminology and context-specific definitions found in task 1 and task 2 practice tests, covering sociology, economics, and process analysis.

Annual salary

The total amount of income received every year, which reached approximately $41,000$ for graduates in $2004$.

Reservation

A feeling of doubt, skepticism, or concern regarding a particular approach or proposal.

Prosperity

The state of being successful or flourishing, particularly in the context of a nation's economic growth.

Social cohesion

The bonding of members in a society or the degree of togetherness and unity within a community.

Nurture

To care for and encourage the growth or development of someone or something, such as the potential of youth.

Gutted

The process of removing the internal organs and unwanted parts of a fish during food preparation.

Smouldering

Burning slowly with smoke but no flame, often used to describe wood in a smoking vat.

Brined

The preservation method involving soaking an item, such as fish, in a salt solution.

Extraterrestrial civilizations

Intelligent life forms or societies that may exist on other planets beyond Earth.

Breakthroughs

Significant discoveries or developments in fields like technology, medicine, or energy.

Catastrophic consequences

Disastrous or extremely harmful results that might follow risky actions.

Urbanization

The process of increasing population density in urban areas as people move from rural regions to cities.

Projected

An estimated or predicted figure for a future point in time, such as data provided for the year $2030$.

Surpass

To exceed or go beyond a certain quantity, amount, or level of achievement.

Life expectancy

The average period of time that a person is expected to live based on health and environmental factors.

Hectic

A state of being extremely busy, frantic, or full of intense activity.

Proponents

Supporters or advocates of a particular idea, viewpoint, or legislative proposal.

Foster

To encourage, promote, or stimulate the development of something, such as critical thinking or democratic values.

Conducive

Making a specific situation or outcome likely or possible, often used in the context of a learning environment.

Bureaucracy

A complex system of administration characterized by many rules, processes, and potential mismanagement.

Jeopardize

To put someone or something at risk or in a situation where there is a danger of loss or harm.

Telemedicine

The practice of providing healthcare services and medical consultations remotely via telecommunications technology.

Groundbreaking

Innovative and pioneering work that introduces new methods or significantly impacts human history.

Impressionable

Easily influenced or affected by others, particularly referring to children or adolescents.

Peer pressure

Influence from members of one's own age or social group that can affect behavior and choices.

Instill

To gradually but firmly establish an idea, value, or attitude in a person's mind.

Infrastructure

The basic physical and organizational structures, such as roads, buildings, and power supplies, needed for society to function.

Invariably

Always or in every case; without fail or change.

Transferable skills

Abilities and talents that can be applied to many different types of jobs or life situations.

Ratify

To sign or give formal consent to a treaty or agreement, making it officially valid under law.

Transcend

To go beyond the range or limits of something, such as physical borders or cultural language.

Synergy

The interaction or cooperation of two or more agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual efforts.

Mitigate

To make something less severe, serious, or painful, often in reference to environmental pollution or social issues.

Diminutive

Extremely or unusually small; used to describe the prehistoric horse species Eohippus.

Encapsulate

To express the essential features of something in a succinct or summarized form.

Scrutinize

To examine, inspect, or analyze something very closely and thoroughly.

Celebrity endorsement

A form of advertising that uses famous people to promote a specific product or brand.