exam 1 brain organization

landmarks of frontal lobe

primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, broca’s area, prefrontal cortex

primary motor cortex location

just forward of central sulcus. precentral gyrus

premotor cortex location

forward the primary motor cortex

broca’s area location

anterior inferior side of frontal lobe

prefrontal cortex location

anterior frontal lobe

primary motor cortex brodmann #

4

premotor cortex brodmann #

6

broca’s area brodmann #

44 & 45

primary motor cortex function

initates and controls voluntary and skilled motor movements of skeletal muscles contralaterally

premotor cortex function

plans and initiates complex and skilled movements

broca’s area function

motor speech center: planning and organizing speech movements. spoken language production

prefrontal cortex function

executive functioning, personality, cognitive functions (reasoning, planning, decision making) moderating correct social behavior and speech

primary motor cortex neurological condition

loss of motor function

premotor cortex neurological condition

loss of skilled and smooth muscle coordination and movement

broca’s area neurological condition

broca’s aphasia

prefrontal cortex neurological condition

personality disorder

landmarks of parietal lobe

primary somatosensory corrtex, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus

location of primary somatosensory cortex

posterior to motor cortex

location of supramarginal gyrus

posterior to the somatosensory cortex

location of angular gyrus

posterior to the supramarginal gyrus. inferior parietal libe

primary somatosensory cortex Brodmann #

1, 2, 3

supramarginal gyrus Brodmann #

39

angular gyrus Brodmann #

40

function of primary somatosensory cortex

integrate somatosensoru info (ex. pain, temp, touch_ from various parts of the body. contralateral

function of supramarginal gyrus and angualar gyrus

related to calculation, reading and writing

neurological conditions for primary somatosensory cortex

loss of sensation

neurological conditions for of supramarginal gyrus and angualar gyrus

Damage to Left Hemisphere: -Agraphia –writing deficits

- Alexia – reading deficits

- Acalculia – arithmetic deficits

- Left-right confusion

- Agnosia (finger; loss ability to know which finger is which)

Damage to Right Hemisphere: -Hemispatial/Left neglect

- Anosognosia – denies impairment

- Dressing apraxia (inability to place garments in relation to body parts)

- Spatial and/or topographical impairment (difficulty finding one’s way, following a map)

- Pragmatic & emotional prosody deficits (difficulty with humor, sarcasm, conversational turn-taking)

landmarks of temporal lobe

primary auditory cortex, wernickes area

location of primary auditory cortex

includes heschil’s gyrus. just interior to the lateral sulcus

location of wernicke’s area

usually always left hemisphere. posterior segments of superior temporal gyrus

primary auditory brodmanns #

41 & 42

wernicke’s area brodmanns #

22

function of primary auditory cortex

process auditory and sound info

function of wernicke’s area

analysis of speech sounds. Comprehension of spoken language. Stores and terieves word meanings and grammar rules

damage to left hemisphere of temporal lobe results

Impaired verbal memory
- Impaired auditory comprehension
(Wernicke’s Aphasia)

damage to right hemisphere of temporal lobe results

Impaired appreciation of music and rhythm, environmental sounds
- Impaired nonverbal memory

bilateral damage of temporal lobe results

Cortical deafness (an auditory disorder where
the patient is unable to hear sounds but has no
apparent damage to the structures of the ear )

occipital lobe landmarks

primary visual cortex, visual association areas

location of primary visual cortex

posterior occipital lobe

primary visual cortex brodmann #

17

viual association areas brodmann #

18 & 19

primary visual cortex function

processes visual info

visual association area function

processes visual information

neurological conditions for primary visual cortex and visual association area

vision impairment and cortical blindness