Chapter 20 Objectives (Blood Vessels)

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to blood vessels, including types of vessels, their structures, functions, and anatomical relationships.

What vessels carry blood towards the heart?

Veins

What vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Arteries

Do arteries always carry oxygenated blood?

No, the pulmonary artery does not.

Do veins always carry deoxygenated blood?

No, the pulmonary vein does not.

What are the three layers (tunics) found in arteries and veins (innermost to outermost)?

Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica adventitia.

Which layer contains smooth muscle?

Tunica media.

The endothelium is part of which layer?

Tunica intima.

Why is the endothelium smooth?

It reduces friction.

Which has a thicker wall, arteries or veins?

Arteries.

Which has a wider lumen, arteries or veins?

Veins.

Which blood vessels have valves?

Veins.

Do the vessels in the upper or lower limbs have more valves? Why?

Lower limbs; to prevent backflow of blood against gravity.

Define vasa vasorum.

Small blood vessels that supply blood to the walls of large arteries and veins.

What is a portal system?

A series of blood vessels that connects two capillary beds without passing through the heart.

Where does the pulmonary trunk arise from?

Right Ventricle of the heart.

What does the pulmonary trunk split into?

Right and left pulmonary arteries.

Where do the pulmonary veins travel from, and where do they open into?

From the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

What vessels arise from the ascending aorta?

Right and left coronary arteries.

What structure does the thoracic aorta pass through to become the abdominal aorta?

Diaphragm.

What two arteries does the brachiocephalic artery split into?

Right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery.

Which side of the body do the arteries from the brachiocephalic artery go to?

Right side.

Which arteries does the brachial artery split into?

Radial artery and ulnar artery.

Which artery is on the lateral forearm?

Radial artery.

Which artery is on the medial forearm?

Ulnar artery.

The abdominal aorta ends when it splits into the right and left _.

Common iliac arteries.

Which iliac artery enters the leg?

External iliac artery.

Once the external iliac artery enters the thigh, it becomes which artery?

Femoral artery.

Which iliac artery enters the pelvic region?

Internal iliac artery.

When the femoral artery passes posterior to the knee, what is it called?

Popliteal artery.

What arteries does the popliteal artery split into?

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

In the limbs, which veins have the same names as the arteries?

Deep veins.