Exercise 3 Osmosis & Diffusion*

differentially permeable

when not all substances penetrate the plasma membrane equally well (happens in osmosis)

solutions

all of the liquids found in humans

made up of a solvent and solutes

solvent

the liquid into which everything else is dissolved or suspended

solutes

the particles (salts, proteins, etc) dissolved in the solvent

thermal kinetic energy

energy associated with this random molecular movement

kinetic → bc it is the process of causing an effect on matter

energy in moving is said to be

Brownian movement

the random motion of the visible particles

Brownian movement creator

Robert Brown in 1827

equilibrium

all molecules tend to flow from high concentrations to low concentrations until equally distributed.

concentration gradient

unequal distribution of molecules

electrolytes

are substances that break up into separate ions when dissolved in water

• each has their own osmotic pressure

isotonic solution

abt 0.9%

SAME osmotic pressure

hypotonic solutions

LOWER osmotic pressure

can have osmotic lysis

hypertonic solutions

HIGHER osmotic pressure

osmotic pressure

tendency to draw water in using osmosis

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, no outside energy required

What are the two types of passive diffusion and is there energy required for this type of diffusion?

osmosis

high to low concentration, diffusion water, differentially permeable membrane

more solute

When is there more osmotic pressure?