Key Concepts of Shariah

These flashcards cover the essential vocabulary and concepts related to Shariah and Islamic laws as presented in the lecture notes.

Shariah

Means a straight path and refers to the set of laws revealed to Rasulullah SAW encompassing the Qur'an and al-Sunnah.

Maqasid Shariah

Refers to the objectives of Shariah which aim to ensure the welfare of mankind.

Daruriyah

Protection of necessities; essential purposes of Shariah to preserve religion, life, intellect, dignity, and property.

Hajiyah

Refers to the need for improvement in quality of life; alleviating hardship.

Tahsiniyah

Laws for betterment and quality improvement in human conduct and morals.

Fiqh

The knowledge of derived practical legal rules relating to human conduct, based on the sources of Shariah.

Wajib/Fard

An obligatory act where failure to perform it is considered sinful.

Mandub

Actions not required by law but rewarded if performed.

Makruh

A disliked act that does not incur sin if done or missed but can be rewarded for avoidance.

Haram

Acts that are forbidden and incur sin if committed.

Qisas

A principle of retribution where the punishment corresponds to the crime, particularly in cases of bodily harm.

Hudud

Fixed punishments set by Islamic law for specific sins or crimes.

Ta'zir

Punishment left to the discretion of the judge for crimes that are not covered by Hudud or Qisas.

Ijab & Qabul

The offer and acceptance that form the basis of a valid Islamic contract.

Li'an

Mutual cursing that allows a couple to divorce when a husband accuses his wife of adultery without witnesses.

Iddah

The waiting period a woman must observe after a divorce or the death of her husband.