Nursing Fundamentals Day 2: Basic Human Needs, Health and Wellness

Vocabulary flashcards covering Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, nursing relationships to basic needs, sleep disorders, and concepts of health, wellness, and disease based on Nursing Fundamentals Day 2 lecture.

Abraham H. Maslow

The theorist who described the hierarchy of basic human needs in 1943.

Physiologic Needs

The first level of Maslow's hierarchy including oxygen, food, water, elimination, sleep, and thermoregulation.

Safety Needs

The second level of Maslow’s hierarchy involving the need for shelter and freedom from harm and danger.

Love Needs

The third level of Maslow’s hierarchy involving the need for affection, feelings of belongingness, and meaningful relations with others.

Esteem Needs

The fourth level of Maslow’s hierarchy involving the need to be well thought of by oneself and others.

Self-Actualization Needs

The fifth level of Maslow’s hierarchy involving the need to be self-fulfilled, learn, create, and experience one's potential.

Cognitive Needs

One of the expanded steps added to Maslow's theory in 1970, referring to understanding and exploring life.

Aesthetic Needs

One of the expanded steps added to Maslow's theory in 1970, referring to the appreciation of symmetry, order, and beauty.

Transcendence Needs

One of the expanded steps added to Maslow's theory in 1970, referring to connecting with the ability to help others realize their potential.

Regression

Focusing on a lower level need that has already been fulfilled, commonly seen during illness or injury.

Rest

A basic human need implying calmness, relaxation without emotional stress, and freedom from anxiety.

Sleep

An altered state of consciousness in which the individual’s perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased.

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

A sleep stage making up $20\%\text{ to }25\%$ of nightly sleep where brain activity is high and pulse/respiratory rates increase.

Insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, potentially due to hyperkinesis or emotional problems.

Sleep Apnea

A disorder where a person stops breathing for short periods during sleep, common in obese persons.

Night Terrors

Sudden partial awakening with emotional outbursts and no memory of the event, typically occurring in non-REM sleep for ages $4\text{ to }8\,years\,old$.

Somniloquy

The act of talking during sleep; common in young people who may carry on logical conversations but not remember them upon waking.

Somnambulism

Sleepwalking, which occurs during later stages of non-REM sleep and is common in children aged $8\text{ to }12\,years\,old$.

Narcolepsy

A rare but potentially dangerous condition involving brief attacks of irresistible sleep, starting in adolescence.

Sleep Hygiene

Behavioral and environmental factors before sleep, including a room temperature of $60\text{-}67\,^\circ\text{F}$ ($15.5\text{-}19.4\,^\circ\text{C}$).

World Health Organization (WHO)

An organization established in 1948 by the United Nations to improve worldwide health and promote global social conscience.

Health (WHO Definition)

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Homeostasis

The balance of all components of the human organism, including mind, body, and spirit.

Disease

A change in the structure or function of body tissues, biologic systems, or the human mind.

Illness

The individual's response to disease that involves a change in function.

Infection

Change in structure and function caused by the invasion of harmful microorganisms.

Morbidity

The number of people with an illness or disorder relative to a specific population.

Mortality

The chances of death associated with a particular illness or disorder.

Primary Healthcare Services

Prevention services that encourage healthier lifestyles through information and education, such as prenatal care or antismoking campaigns.

Secondary Healthcare Services

Services that provide specific medical or surgical therapies, generally in acute care settings.

Tertiary Healthcare Services

Rehabilitation services focused on chronic illness or disability.

Wellness–Illness Continuum

The daily state of health ranging from high-level wellness to death.

Acute Illness

An illness that interferes with the wellness–illness continuum for a short period of time.

Chronic Illness

A long-term health disturbance that can limit the client’s functioning.

Lifestyle Factors

Patterns of living that an individual chooses to follow, such as nutrition and physical activity.

Risk Factors

Preventable or non-preventable conditions related to occupation, environment, or age that increase health threats.

Organic Disease

A disease with a detectable structural change that alters function.

Functional Disease

A disease where a structural cause cannot be identified despite functional changes.

Hereditary Disorders

Disorders passed to an individual from one or both biologic parents.

Congenital Disorders

Disorders present at birth, which may be genetic or caused by unfavorable prenatal conditions.

Neoplastic Diseases

Diseases involving the growth of abnormal tissue or tumors, which can be benign or malignant.

Metastasis

The process by which malignant cells tend to spread for neoplastic diseases.