Elements , compounds and mixtures

Element

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Compound

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Simple distillation

Used to separate a liquid from a solution

Fractional distillation

separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

Filtration

the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a mixture

Crystallisation

Formation of crystals as a dissolved substance solidifies

Chromatography

A technique that is used to separate soluble solids mixed together, like colours

Atom

Smallest particle of an element

Molecule

A group of atoms bonded together

Mixture of elements

Mixture of element and compound

Mixture of compounds

Rf value

Distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent