Biology - Cells (Year 9 Term 1.1)

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and usually membrane bound organelles

Cell membrane function

it is partially permeable; controls movements of substances in and out of the cell

Cytoplasm

liquid gel

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

folded membrane with ribosomes attached

Ribosomes function

protein synthesis (makes proteins)

Nucleus function

controls the functions of the cell

What does the nucleus contain?

DNA

What happens in the cytoplasm

most chemical reactions

Mitochondria function

aerobic respiration; release energy

where are ribosomes found

Rough endoplasmic reticulum or in the cytoplasm

Cell wall function

provides the cell structural support

what is cell wall made of

tough carbohydrate called cellulose

permanent Vacuole function

store cell sap

what is cell sap a store of?

dissolved sugars, mineral ions, and other solutes

what does Chloroplast contain for its function?

contains green pigments called chlorophyll, which absorb light energy.

chloroplast function

Photosynthesis (produces glucose for respiration)

why do plants need energy?

moving water and minerals, repairing damaged cells, growing new leaves or roots, etc

Fill the gap: Plant cells are more ___ than animal cells

structured

give an example of why an animal might develop a temporary vacuole

hibernating animals need to store sugar in a temporary vacuole.

prokaryote

cells without a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Cell

smallest unit of life

where is DNA stored in most prokaryotic cells?

Chromosomal / circular DNA (nucleoid)

Flagellum function

moves the cell

Plasmids function

store small circles of DNA and move from one bacterium to another

2 features of chromosomal / circular DNA

DNA is not bound to a nucleus and so is free to move around in the cytoplasm

why can't membrane bound organelles be present in prokaryotic cells?

prokaryotic cells are not big enough to contain membrane bound cells

nucleoid

not membrane bound region containing DNA in prokaryotic cells

why do plasmids travel between bacterial cells?

to give variation

organelles of a prokaryote

(possible) cell wall, chloroplast, cell membrane cytoplast, flagellum, plasmid, chromosomal DNA

order units smaller than 1 cm from biggest to smallest

mm, micrometer(µm), nanometer(nm), picometer(pm)

how many um fits in 1 mm?

1000 µm

how many nm fit in 1 µm?

1000nm

how many pm fit in 1 nm

1000 pm

Equation for magnification

magnification = image size/actual size

Word equation of photosynthesis

sunlight

carbon dioxide + water ———————> glucose + oxygen

chlorophyll

Word equation of aerobic respiration

Glucose + Oxygen —> Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy