Cross Cultural Communication

Beispielland mit hoher und niedriger Power culture

Components of communication

people
message
encoding
communication medium
communication channel
decoding
feedback

communication barriers

Noise:
- Distractions (external, internal)
- Channel breakdowns

outcomes of communication process

Understanding
Not understanding
Misunderstanding

communication Principles

1.communication begins with the self
2. communication involves others
3. communication has both a content + relational dimension
4. communication quantity doesnt increase communication quality
5. communication is inevitable (unvermeidlich)
6. communication cant be reversed (irreversible)
7. communication cant be repeated (unrepeatable)

communication contexts

INTRApersonal communication
INTERpersonal communication (mind 2 P)
Public communication
Mass communication
Computer mediated communication

Verbal communication

Vocal: spoken words
Nonvocal: writing

Nonverbal communication

Vocal: Paralanguage (zB volume)
Nonvocal: Body language (zB Gesten)

nonverbal communication

Proxemics
Haptics
Oculesics
Kinesics
Chronemics (monochronic, polychronic)

Types of listening

active listening
empathic listening
critical listening
listening for enjoyment

Building blocks of culture

values (fundamental, unmovable principles)
beliefs (made out of the values)
attitudes (arise from the beliefs)
behaviors (result of all these)

Case study Wal-Mart

Social identities

Cultural/ ethnic identities
Language identities
Gender identities
Disability identities
Age identities
Social class identities
Role identities

Skills Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

Self-awareness and other awareness
Self regulation
Motivation
Empathy
Social Skills

Cultural Intelligence (CQ)

CQ Motivation (interest in learning/ experiencing about other cultures)
Knowledge (what you know about other cultures)
Strategy (ability to make sense of intercultural experiences)
Behavior

Cultural Intelligence Model

Knowledge
Mindfulness
Competencies/ skills
—> leads to Cultural Intelligence

Cultural Glasses

Everyone looks through its cultural glasses -> perceive other cultures and manners

Ethnocentrism

form of belief that you believe your way of doing things is the only way, so the ones own national culture is superior to others

high context culture

uses actions and reactions
communication less direct
relationship are important

low context culture

uses explicit or actual spoken words
task more important than relationship

Hofstedes cultural dimensions

Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Individualism Collectivism
Masculinity Femininity
Long short Term Orientation
Indulgence vs Restraint

High Power Distance

Childs should learn
Centralization
Russia, China, India, Japan

Low Power Distance

Childs should learn independance
Decentralization
Germany, Italy, UK, USA

uncertainty avoiding

high stress + anxiety
adoption of innvations slow
staying in the same job

uncertainty accepting

low stress + anxiety
adoption of innovations fast
changing jobs easily

individualism

ties between individuals are loose
I identity

collectivism

individuals are part of strong in-groups
we identity

masculinity

work over family
dad for facts, mom for feelings
disdain of the weak
high: Japan, Italy, Germany
low: Denmark, france, russia

femininity

balance family + work
dad + mom should both deal with facts + feelings
sympathy for the weak

Long term orientation

want to learn from other countries
traditions can be changed
superior person adapts to the circumstances

short term oriented

proud of our own country
traditions are heilig
superior person is always the same

indulgent societies

people feel healthier + happier
optimism, positive attitude
active participation in sports
Mexico, Sweden, UK

restrained societies

people feel less happy, less healthy
pessimism
less sports participation
Egypt, Italy, Germany

stages culture shock

Honeymoon
Disorientation
Irritability + hostility
Adjustment + integration
Biculturality

culture shock

Wenn Menschen über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg in eine fremde Kultur eintauchen = Zustand der Frustration
-> personal experience, its not the same for two persons

symptoms culture shock

feelings of helplessness
desire for home + old friends
physiological stress

overcome culture shock

open minedness
participation in local life
strong sense of self