Colonial America: Pilgrims, Puritans, and Native Relations

Pilgrims & Mayflower Compact

One of the first Protestant groups in America seeking separation from the Church of England, using a self-governing religious congregation as a model for political structure.

William Bradford & Plymouth

Leader of the first permanent community in New England in 1620, with 67 migrants aboard the Mayflower, thriving despite a cold climate.

Pilgrims & Mayflower Compact

One of the first Protestant groups in America seeking separation from the Church of England, using a self-governing religious congregation as a model for political structure.

William Bradford & Plymouth

Leader of the first permanent community in New England in 1620, with 67 migrants aboard the Mayflower, thriving despite a cold climate.

Pequot War

Series of violent encounters in 1636-1637 resulting in the massacre of Pequot villagers by New England militiamen and allies, leading to their near obliteration.

King Philip's War

1675-1676 conflict where Wampanoag leader Metacom led attacks on white settlements, resulting in significant English and Native American casualties.

Puritans vs. Separatists

Puritans emphasized individual relationship with God, while Separatists sought to purify the Church of England, leading to conflicts with the monarchy and Archbishop Laud.

Anglican Church

Church of England seeking purification

Sacraments

Baptism & Communion, crucial religious rites

Puritans

Group within Anglicanism advocating for reforms

John Winthrop

First governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, led Puritan exodus

Theocracy

Government led by religious figures

Religious Persecution

Reason for founding New England colonies

Roger Williams

Opposed official religion, advocated for religious freedom

Anne Hutchinson

Challenged Puritan beliefs, exiled for heretical views

Half-Way Covenant

Allowed partial church membership for children of church members

Salem Witch Trials

Series of witchcraft trials in New England, led to executions

Joint Stock Companies

Organization pooling capital for colonization

Headright System

Granted land for sponsoring immigrants to the colonies

Primogeniture Laws

Laws dictating inheritance to the firstborn child

Jamestown

Early Virginia settlement plagued by initial challenges

House of Burgesses

Virginia's representative government system

Lord Baltimore

Founded Maryland as a refuge for Catholics

Proprietary Colonies

Colonies granted to wealthy individuals by the English Monarch

Act of Toleration

1649 law granting religious freedom to Christians

Tobacco Impact

Main cash crop in Virginia and Maryland, popular in England

Indentured Servants

Laborers bound by contract for a set period in exchange for passage

Indentured Servitude

Contracts bound men and women to work for a master for 4-12 years before being free to marry and work for themselves.

African Slave Labor

Slave labor system that replaced indentured servitude, with slaves being owned for life unless they bought their freedom.

Nathaniel Bacon

Nobleman who led a popular uprising against the royal governor, sympathizing with indentured servants' struggles.

Tidewater vs. Piedmont

Distinction between coastal and inland regions in terms of geography and settlement patterns.

Bacon's Rebellion

Uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon that arose from conflicts with Indians and discontent among freed indentured servants.

Impact of West Indies on Carolinas

Influence of the West Indies on the Carolinas, particularly in relation to economic activities like slavery.

Restoration Colonies

Colonies established during the English Restoration period, including Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

North Carolina

Settled by poor families, runaway servants, and English Quakers, with a focus on tobacco production.

South Carolina

Wealthier colony known for rice production and economic prosperity compared to North Carolina.

Georgia

Colony founded by James Oglethorpe with a focus on helping poor Englishmen and serving as a refuge for debtors.

New Netherland & New Sweden

Comparison of European colonies in North America, focusing on competition among European powers.

English Takeover of New York & New Jersey

Transition of control from Dutch to English in the colonies, impacting political influence and governance.

William Penn & Pennsylvania

Granting of Pennsylvania to William Penn by King Charles II in 1681, known for good relations with Native Americans.

George Fox & Quakers

George Fox, founder of the Religious Society of Friends, and the Quakers' beliefs and practices, including persecution in England.

Relations with Native Americans

Contrast of Pennsylvania's positive relationships with Native Americans to other colonies' less favorable interactions.

Delaware

Colony that split from Pennsylvania, with its own distinct history and development.

English Civil War, Commonwealth, Oliver Cromwell

Period of English history marked by civil war, the establishment of the Commonwealth, and Oliver Cromwell's rule.