Understanding Data Types and Scientific Processes

Inference

Logical interpretation based on observations.

Experimentation

Organized method to test hypotheses.

Observation

Gathering information using senses systematically.

Hypothesis

Proposed explanation based on prior knowledge.

Biology

Study of living organisms and life processes.

Quantitative Data

Numerical information measurable in quantities.

Qualitative Data

Descriptive information based on characteristics.

Scientific Method

Systematic process for acquiring natural world knowledge.

Independent Variable

Factor manipulated in an experiment.

Dependent Variable

Factor measured in response to changes.

Population

Group of individuals studied in research.

Container Volume

Size of container affecting fruit fly populations.

False Statement

Claim that contradicts established facts.

Mechanisms of Intelligent Design

Understanding how God's creation operates.

Christian Perspective on Science

Science reveals God's creation and design.

Problem Statement

Question or issue addressed in research.

Analysis

Examination of data to draw conclusions.

Ecological Relationships

Interactions between organisms and their environment.

Natural World

Physical universe and its phenomena.

Scientific Philosophy

Study of fundamental nature of knowledge.

Christian Study of Science

Pursuit of knowledge to glorify God.

Color of Liquid

Qualitative data describing appearance of substance.

Biggest Redwood Trees

Qualitative data based on size characteristics.

Asexual reproduction

Reproduction without the joining of gametes.

Sexual reproduction

Involves joining of gametes to produce offspring.

DNA composition

All known organisms share the same chemical compounds.

Rapid population growth

Benefit of asexual reproduction in organisms.

Brain development

Doubling in size allows for speech at one year.

Negative feedback loop

Receptors send information from control center.

Cell differentiation

Cells develop different shapes and functions.

Cellular respiration

Breaks down food molecules to release energy.

Example of sexual reproduction

Sperm meeting egg forms a zygote.

Quantitative data

Data that can be measured numerically.

Qualitative data

Descriptive data that cannot be measured numerically.

Pretended neutrality fallacy

No neutral ground between creationism and evolution.

Reasoning example

All numbers ending in 0 or 5 are divisible by 5.

Effector cells

Carry out responses in a negative feedback loop.

Multicellular organism cells

Differentiate to perform various functions.

Metabolic process

Cellular respiration is part of metabolism.

Zygote

Fertilized egg resulting from sexual reproduction.

Offspring resemblance

Offspring resemble parents in sexual reproduction.

Spider plant budding

Example of asexual reproduction in plants.

Yeast cell division

Asexual reproduction through binary fission.

Time of day data

Example of qualitative data regarding bee activity.

Evolutionary explanation

Scientific view on the origin of life.

Divisibility rule

Rule for determining if a number is divisible.

Inductive Reasoning

Generalizes from specific instances to broader conclusions.

Deductive Reasoning

Applies general principles to specific cases.

Negative Feedback Loop

Returns system to homeostasis after disturbance.

Metabolism

Total chemical reactions in living cells for energy.

Photosynthesis

Process converting sunlight into chemical energy.

Cellular Respiration

Process of converting glucose into ATP.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Energy currency of the cell.

Conclusions in Experiments

Relate results to hypothesis for validation.

Data Analysis

Involves graphing and statistical evaluation of data.

Peer Review

Examines objectivity, reliability, and accuracy of research.

Levels of Treatment

Different amounts of vitamin A given to rats.

Determining Treatment Levels

Based on prior knowledge of the subject.

Scientific Method

Systematic approach for conducting experiments.

Experimental Error

Sources of inconsistency affecting experimental results.

Hypothesis Formation

Developing testable predictions based on observations.

Statistical Analysis

Mathematical evaluation of data trends and patterns.

Experimental Procedure

Documented steps followed during scientific investigation.

Good Science Characteristics

Includes objectivity, repeatability, and empirical evidence.

Experimental Variables

Factors manipulated or measured in an experiment.

Control Group

Group not exposed to treatment for comparison.

Experimental Group

Group exposed to treatment in an experiment.

Data Collection

Gathering information for analysis during experiments.

Research Questions

Inquiries guiding the direction of scientific studies.

Measurable

Quantifiable attributes that can be assessed numerically.

Biased

Influenced by personal opinions or preferences.

Repeatable

Experiments yielding consistent results under same conditions.

Observable

Capable of being seen or detected.

Hypothesis

Testable statement predicting the outcome of an experiment.

Inference

Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or observations.

Quantitative Data

Numerical information that can be measured.

Qualitative Data

Descriptive information that characterizes qualities.

Irritability

Living things' response to environmental stimuli.

ATP

Energy currency of cells, essential for biological processes.

Homeostasis

Maintenance of stable internal conditions in organisms.

Living Things

Organisms that exhibit life characteristics.

Scarring Hypothesis Falsification

Healing with more or same scarring disproves hypothesis.

Smoothness of Fabric

Qualitative measure describing texture characteristics.

Chemical Ripening

Process where one apple's ripening affects others.

Stable Internal Environment

Condition where internal systems remain balanced.

Universal Genetic Code

Shared genetic instructions across all living organisms.

Materials and Energy Use

Essential characteristic of life involving resource utilization.

Growth and Development

Processes through which living organisms mature.

Observation

Act of noting and recording phenomena.

Problem Statement

Defined issue to be addressed in research.

Characteristics of Life

Criteria that define living organisms.

Metabolism

Chemical processes for maintaining life.

Dependent Variables

Factors measured in an experiment.

Cellular Respiration

Process of converting glucose into energy.

Positive Feedback Loop

Enhances or amplifies changes in a system.

Negative Feedback Loop

Counteracts changes to maintain stability.

Internal Stimuli

Responses originating from within an organism.

Baroreceptors

Sensors that detect blood pressure changes.

Deductive Reasoning

Logical conclusion based on general premises.

Inductive Reasoning

Generalization based on specific observations.