Us History I Module 2
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39 Terms
_________ was created to oversee development in New Spain until the close of the colonial period
The Council of the Indies
What were the 4 Viceroyalties of New Spain?
-New Spain
-Peru
-New Granada
-La Plata
What countries made up the viceroyalty of New Spain
Mexico, Central America, California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas
What countries made up the Viceroyalty of Peru?
Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Ecuador
What countries made up the Viceroyalty of New Granada?
Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and later Ecuador
what is an Audiencia?
A 12-15 judge advisory council and court
What was a cabildo?
a town council
Adelantados are….
Commandors of units of conquest or governors
What was the quinto rule in the New Spain viceroyalties?
a rule that said 1/5 of all precious metals mined in the colonies was to go to the Spanish Crown
In what ways did the Spanish provide labor to the colonies?
through native labor legalized through the Encomienda and Repartimiento
Brazil’s economy was focused on…
sugar
Who were the Lords of the mill?
Portuguese wealthy enough to own a sugar mill and a plantation
When did the Portuguese begin to bring African slaves to their colonies?
around 1600
What 3 countries copied the Portuguese plantation model for their colonies?
Holland, Britain, and France
The first French voyages to Canada were led by…
Jacques Cartier between 1534-1542
When did René Goulaine de Laudonniére lead an expedition to Florida and establish Fort Caroline?
1564?
Why was the Spanish colony at San Agustín so successful?
because of the good relationship between the Spainards and the Timucua Indians
Who led a Spanish contingent against the French at fort Caroline in 1565?
Menéndez de Avilés
When did Samuel de Champlain establish the colony of New France?
1603
What Native people allied with the British because the French allied with their enemies the Huron?
the Iroquois
Which colony was more of a trading operation, rather than a permanent settlement?
New France
What country emerged as the most important trading center in Europe after the end of the European 30 Years’ War?
the Netherlands
What happened to New Amsterdam in 1664?
It was captured by the British and renamed New York
Who dominated the Caribbean in the 1620s-1630s?
The Dutch West India Company
When did the Dutch and French colony influence disappear from the America’s?
Dutch: 1700 French: after the Seven Years’ War
What was the first permanent English settlement in 1607?
Jamestown
The winter of ________ almost wiped out the Jamestown colony
1609-1610
The colony of Virginia was formed in…
1619
When was the colony of Maryland formed?
1634
An indenture is…
a labor contract that says you work an X amount of years for paid passage, food, clothing, and lodging
What was the headright system?
those who paid passage to Virginia received 50 acres + 50 acres for each person they brought with them
What was Pocahontas’s Native name?
Matoaka
Why did English planters begin relying on African slave labor in 1640?
they converted to growing sugar cane
Chattel Slavery …
legally defined Africans as property, not people
Which colony passed a law to create a permanent slave class in 1664?
Maryland
Virginia legally established slavery in..
1661
Which colonies didn’t rely on slaves as much and frequently granted them freedom?
The Northern and Middle colonies
The Middle Passage would take…
3 weeks or more
Slaves living where typically had more freedoms?
in towns