The Great Depression and the New Deal

Stock Exchange

an organized system for buying and selling shares, or blocks of investments in that corporation

On Margin

Black Thursday

Black Thursday refers to October 24, 1929, the first day of the devastating Wall Street crash of 1929. This day marked the beginning of a rapid decline in stock prices, ultimately leading to the Great Depression. 

Bonus Army

WW1 veterans who marched to Washington DC in the 1932 demanding early payment of bonuses they were promised for their military service

Credit Crisis

Farmers, Consumers and investors purchased things on credits. When borrowers could not pay it banks defaulted. Thousands of banks across the country closed and millions lost their money.

Dust Bowl

A severe drought combined with strong winds that created massive dust strom in the Great Plans that was the worst from 1934-36, forcing many farmers to abandon their land.

Second New Deal

Roosevelt’s second set of policies (1935-1938) that focused more on the long term reforms and helping workers and the elderly

Huey Long

A Louisiana politician who proposed the “Share Our Wealth” plan to redistribute wealth from the rich to give them during retirement

Francis Townsend

He proposed the Townsend Plan, a pension scheme during the great Depression

John L Lewis

A labor leader who founded the CIO (Congress of Industrial Organization) to organize the unions for unskilled industrial workers

Roosevelt Recession

An economic downturn in the 1937-1938 that occurred when FDR tried to reduce the government spending too quickly

Court Packing

Roosevelt's controversial proposal to add up to six new justices to the Supreme Court after the court struck down several New Deal Programs

Hoovervilles

Makeshift neighborhoods of shacks and tents where homeless people lived, named sarcastically after President Hoover was blamed for not providing enough help

Hundred Days

Roosevelt first 100 days in office when Congress passed many new deal programs to provoke immediate relief and begin to economic recovery

The Second New Deal

The laws Passed at the time changed American life even more than the Hundred Days had done

Firesides Chats

A way of how the president talked to the country.

New Deal Programs

Administrations that expanded into the second New Deal adding new administration

Unit 15, Interwar Years and Foreign Policy

Half Way Done, Got This

Benito Mussolini

The facism dictator who took control of Italy in the 1920s and esttablished a totalitarian government based in extreme nationalism

Facism

A political system based on extreme nationalism, dictatorial power, and the glorification of the states over individual rights.

Dictatorship

a form of government in which a person or a small group rules with almost unlimited power

Totalitarian

A form of government that attempts assert total control over lives of its citizens

Adolf Hitler

Leader of Nazi Germany, whose political philosophy was based on nationalism racism and antisemitism. He took power in 1933.

Neville Chamberlain and what policy did her follow

The British Prime Minister who pursed a policy of appeasement, making concessions to Hitler in hopes of avoiding war

Appeasement

The policy of giving in to an aggressor’s demands in hope of maintaining peace and avoiding conflicts.

Winston Churchill

A British Leader who strongly opposed appeasement and warned that giving in to Hitler would only encourage more aggression

Allied Powers

Countries that opposed the Axis Powers

Axis Power

This was a condition of nations where Germany, Italy and Japan, who joined forces during WW2

Hideki Tojo

Japanese Minister of War who gained control of Japan’s government and pushed for military expansions across Asia

Joseph Stalin

The leader of the Soviet Union (USSR) who established a communist totalitarian regime that controlled all aspects of life.

Pacifist

People who opposed all war and violence as a means of setting disputes

Neutrality Acts

Laws Passed by Congress in the 1930s designed to prevent the United States from being drawn into foreign wars by banning arms sales and loans warring nations

Quarantine Speech

A 1937 Speech where FDR urged Americans to “Quarantine” (Isolate) aggressive nations, comparing the spread of war to the spread of disease

Cash-and-carry policy

A program starting in the 1939 that allowed at the war to buy America weapons and supplies if they paid cash and transported the goods themselves

Lend-Lease-Act

A 1941 law allowing the president to lend or lease arms or supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to the United States -this ended the US position of neutrality

Atlantic Charter

an agreement between Roosevelt and Churchill outlining their shared goals for the post war world and the opposition to Hitler

DONE

GOOD JOB AND WAY TO GO