Cellular Respiration

what is cellular respiration

release of energy in biomolecules to generate ATP

what is the chemical equation of cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O →H2O + CO2 + ATP

what is the first step of cellular respiration

glycolysis

where does glycolysis occur

cytosol

what occurs in glycolysis

glucose is split into 2 pyruvates

what is made in glycolysis

2 ATP and 2 NADH

what is the second step of cellular respiration

formation of acetyl CoA

where does the formation of acetyl CoA occur

matrix of mitochondria

what occurs during the formation of acetyl CoA

carboxyl group from pyruvate removed so 2 CO2 released

through REDOX, 2 NADH is formed

acetyl group transferred to CoA resulting in acetyl CoA

what is the third step of cellular respiration

the Krebs cycle

where does the Krebs cycle occur

in the matrix of the mitochondria

what occurs during the Krebs cycle

4 CO2 released

through REDOX 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 formed

2 ATP Made

what is the fourth step of cellular respiration

ETC

where does the ETC occur

the inner membrane of the mitochondria

what occurs in the ETC

-NADH and FADH2 from krebs cycle are oxidized and complex is reduced

-once complex is reduced, a proton is pumped through and out of the matrix by active transport

-series continues forming a proton gradient

-protons flow back into the matrix through enzyme ATP synthase, making ATP

what is the final electron acceptor of cellular respiration

O2

where does chemiosmosis occur

inner membrane of the mitochondria

what is the process of chemiosmosis

ATP synthase makes ATP

ATP goes through ATP coupling: exergonic reactions drive endergonic reactions

ADP + Pi goes in ATP synthase and makes ATP

what occurs in anaerobic environments

glycolysis

lactic acid fermentation in animals or alcohol/ethanol fermentation

what occurs during lactic acid fermentation

NADH transfers it electrons directly to pyruvate

generates lactate as a byproduct

2 NADH from glycolysis is oxidized, going back to NAD+ which can then fuel glycolysis

what occurs during alcohol/ethanol fermentation

1. glycolysis

2. pyruvate has a carboxyl group removed, releasing 2 CO2 and producing 2 acetal dehyde

3. NADH passes its electrons to acetaldehyde, regenerating NAD+ and forming ethanol