motives

motive

specific need r desire that prompts goal directed behavior (aka a drive)

primary drive

unlearned drive found in all animals-motivaes behavior necessary for survival (ex sex,hunger, thirst)

secondary drive

learned drive ex. wealth or success

fixed action pattern

specific behaviors unique to a species

homeostasis

state of well being

intristic motivation

if you like it you do it motivation for behavior is the behavior itself

extrinsic motivation

performed in order to obtain a reward or avoid punishment (you do it to get smth)

instinct theory

motivated by instinct thats not learned pro:explains animal motivations cons:doesnt apply to humans (humans motivations r mostly learned)

drive reduction theory

physiological need creates aroused tension state/drive that motivates organism to satify needs (aim is homeostatsis) pro:bio explanation cons":doesnt explain seconday drives

cognitive dissonance

psychological discomfort by 2 conflicting ideas leads to change or justification

pro allows to predict how ppl jusify/change behaviors based on motiv

con cant predict which way behaviors will change

incentive

pulled thru external forces to obtain a desire

pro:explains secondary drives

cons: oversimpifies motivations/ doesnt apply to intristic motivations

optimum arousal theory

optimal lvl of arousal for best performance on any task . the right amt of arousal can motivate us to perform, simpler tasks require higher levels of arousal, hard tesks lower levels of arousal

pro-explains performance related motivation/y we seek out new experiences and eliminate boredom

cons:rlly specific theory

heiarchy of needs

bottom to top- physiological,safety,love/belonging,esteem,self actualization

pro:summarizes complexity of motivations and incldes intristic motiv

con: basic motiv dont always need to be first, changed from maslows theory