7.1-7.3 Exchange surfaces and breathing

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/25

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

26 Terms

1
New cards

why do single-celled organisms not need specialised exchange surfaces

1) low metabolic activity = low O2 and CO2 demands

2) large SA:V

2
New cards

4 characteristics of an efficient exchange surface

increased surface area

thin layers

good blood supply

ventilation

3
New cards

increased surface area as a feature of an efficient exchange surface

provides area needed for exchange and overcomes the limitation of a small SA:V

4
New cards

thin layers as a feature of a specialised exchange surface

short diffusion distances = fast and efficient

5
New cards

good blood supply as a feature of a specialised exchange surface

maintains a steep concentration gradient = faster diffusion

6
New cards

ventilation as a feature of a specialised exchange surface

maintains concentration gradient = faster diffusion

7
New cards

diagram of the structure of the human gaseous exchange system

knowt flashcard image
8
New cards

3 features of the nasal cavity

1) a large surface area with a good blood supply = warms the air to body temperature

2) a hairy lining = secretes mucus to trap dust and bacteria = protects lung tissue from irritation and infection

3) moist surfaces = increase humidity of incoming air = reducing evaporation from the exchange surfaces

9
New cards

trachea

the main airway carrying clean, warm, moist air from the nose down to the chest

wide tube supported by incomplete rings of strong, flexible cartilage = stop trachea from collapsing

lined with a ciliated epithelium with goblet cells

10
New cards

why are the cartilage rings supporting the trachea incomplete

allows food to move easily down the oesophagus behind the trachea

11
New cards

goblet cells

secrete mucus onto the lining of the trachea to trap dust and microorganisms that have escaped the nose lining

12
New cards

cilia

beat and move mucus, trapped dirt, and microorganisms away from the lungs

13
New cards

inspiration

diaphragm contracts and lowers

external intercoastal muscle contract moving ribs upwards and outwards

vol of thorax increases so pressure decreases

14
New cards

expiration

diaphragm relaxes and moves up

external intercoastal muscles relax moving ribs down and inwards

vol of thorax decreases

15
New cards

forceful expiration

internal intercoastal muscles contract which pulls the ribs down hard and fast

abdominal muscles contract forcing diaphragm up

pressure in lungs increases

16
New cards

peak flow meter

device that measures the rate at which air can be expelled from the lungs

17
New cards

vitalograph

version of the peak flow meter

patient breathes out as quickly as they can through a mouthpiece and a graph of the forced expiratory volume in one second is produced

18
New cards

spirometer

used to measure different aspects of lung volume

19
New cards

tidal volume

the vol of air that moves into and out of the lungs with each resting breath

20
New cards

vital capacity

the vol of air that can be breathed in when the strongest possible exhalation is followed by the deepest possible intake of breath

21
New cards

inspiratory reserve volume

the max vol of air that can be breathed in over and above a normal inhalation

22
New cards

expiratory reserve volume

the extra amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs over and above the normal tidal vol of air that is breathed out

23
New cards

residual volume

the vol of air that is left in the lungs after exhaling as hard as possible

24
New cards

total lung capacity

the sum of the vital capacity the residual volume

25
New cards

breathing rate

the number of breaths taken per minute

26
New cards

ventilation rate

the total vol of air inhaled in one minute

tidal volume x breathing rate