psychology- group dynamics

leadership

a process of social influence in which one person is able to enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a comon task

who defined leadership and when

chemers in 1997

what are the two types of leaders

emergent and prescribed

emergent leader

from within the group due to being skillful or the rest of the team select them. Achieved through gain of respect and support of team.

perscribed leader

appointed from an external source to the team. manager appointed by the board of football or rugby club.

what are the two leadership styles

autocratic and democratic

autocratic

has firm views of how and when things should be done.Dictates to a group or team in terms of giving strict instructions. Does not seek the help or opinions of others. rarely gets others involved with the team on a personal level.

democratic

makes decisions only after consulting the group. Actively encourages the involvement of the group. leadership style is more relaxed and informal and goals are achieved through shared responsibility.

who developed the multidimensional model of sports leadership

chelladurai

what are the seven factors included within the multidimensional model of sports leadership

situational characteristics, leader characteristics, member characteristics, required behaviour, actual behviour, preferred behviour, performance and satisfaction.

situational characteristics

is it a high pressured situation like losing the final.Also what type of activity is it

leader characteristics

is the coach normally bossy, what age are they coaching, what is the coach's past esperience.

member characteristics

who is the participants. age, ability, experience, number of people

required behaviour

determined by situation the leader is in and the expectation that the leader conforms to.

actual behaviour

determined by the characteristics of the leader and the preferences of the group

preferred behaviour

determined by the group.preferences are related to factors like personality, experience,skill, gender, age

performance and satisfaction

how will it affect the performance and satisfaction.

who developed the model of group development

tuckman

what are the four stages of tuckmans model of group development

forming,storming, norming and performing.

forming

Stage one. positive and polite, efort to gte to know each other, coach encourages team building, everyone working towrds the same goal.

storming

stage two. push boundaries, personality conflicts, questioniing the team's goal, different working styles.

norming

stage three. resolve differences, respect the leader and their decision, build the team's strengths.

performing regarding model of group development

stage four. achieve group goal, effective performance, team is successful.

who developed the theory: effect on cohesion and when

ringelmann in 1882

what is the ringelmann effect on cohesion

occurs when individual performance begins to diminish as the size of the team increases. This phenemena can also be known as social loafing.

social loafing

term used for not putting forth 100% effort in groups due to lack of motivation

examples of when social loafing may occur

larger teams, when you have gained players, losing or winning significantly, an individual of high ability on your tem.

interactive team

team members interct and coordinate with each other to acheive success. Sports like hockey and football

coactive team

no direct interaction between team members during performances. members are required to achieve success in individual events or games to achieve an overall goal. E.g. gymnastics.

cohesion

dynamic process which is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in the persuit of its goals and objectives.

task cohesion

the way the team members work together to successfully complete a task. key in interactive sports.

social cohesion

the personal relationships within a group which relies on individuals enjoying social interaction. key in coactive sports

who developed the model of cohesion and when

carron in 1982

what are the four factors that make up the model of cohesion

environmental factors, personal factors, leadership, team factors.

environmental factors

impacts scial cohesion. groups that are closer to each other in location and are smaller tend to be more cohesive. The members have more opportunities to interact and form relationships.

personal factors

individual characteristics of group member are important for cohesion. Players are motivated for ucess, from similar backgrounds, similar attitudes, similar levels of commitment, more likely to be satisfied and more cohesive.

team factors

team stays together for a long time,experience success and failures togeter and are involved in decision making process, more likely to be cohesive.

leadership regarding model of cohesion.

leadership styles, behaviours,communication and compatibility of coach and athletes' personalities are factors that affect cohesion.

does cohesion have a bigger impact on performance levels in interactive sports or coactive sports.

interactive sports.