Unit 4

Simplex vs complex extraction technique

Simple or closed extraction = only desmotomes, elevators and forceps

Complex or open = desmotomes elevator forceps and all make a formal intervention

What is dental impactation

Unerupted tooth retained in the jaw

Position of impacted teeth

Impacted, crown half covered and fully covered

Causes and consequences

Causes : hereditary, phylogenetic, orthodontically

Consequences: infections, mechanical, nervous, tumours

Tumour definition

Neoplasn

An abnormal rapid growth of tissue competing with normal cells for nutrients

Types of tumours

Benign = non cancerous growths that are local and rarely spread and are well treatable

Malignant = resistant to treatment, spread to other parts of the body and often recurs after removal

Classification of tumors

Soft tissue tumors

Odontogenic tumors = tumors of the jaw

Non odontogenic

Cysts

Benign tumors

Fibrous = most common, caused by prosthesis, treated excision

Pyogenic granuloma = overgrowth of granulation tissue, treated excision

Hemangioma and lympanhgioma = proliferation of blood or lymph vessels, early ages/birth, not treated

Malignant soft tissue tumors

oral squamous cell carcinoma

Most commmon and hard lesions

Benign odonotgenic tumors

Odontoma, ameloblastoma, myxoma

Malignant odontogenic tumors

Mainly carcinomas that develope mainly from pre existing injuries

Lungs metastasis rate of 75%

Cyst

Pathological cavity containing liquid, semi liquid or gas

Dentigerous cysts

Surround crown of unerupted tooth and originate from reduced enamel epithelium and account for 15% of all cyst in jaw

Maxillary cysts

Radicular cyst

Pulp necrosis

50% of cysts

Pain and swelling

Treated by RCT

Salivary cysts

Randula = collection of saliva in floor of mouth, Pseudocyst

Mucocele = Accumulation of mucin, dalivary gland injured or blocked

Parts of peridontium

Protective

• Gum = Gingival margin, free gingiva, attached gingiva, interdental gingiva

• Alveolar mucosa

Insert peridontium

• Alveolar bone, cementum, PDL

Periodontal disease

Inflammation, chronic and infectious condition of supporting tissues of teeth

Types of periodontal disease

Gingivitis = inflammation of gums that can lead to periodontitis

Periodontitis

• Chronic = loss of attachement and plaque accumulation with presence of subgingival calculus and periodontal pockets

• Aggressive = progresses rapidly in healthy Patients and is associated with specific bacterial plaque and WBC abnormalities

Treatment

1. Remove dental plaque

2. eliminating the tartar, supra and subgingival

3. Giving Hygiene instructions

4. Antibiotics

5. periodic appointements