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Kennedy v. Nixon debates
Debate was televised for the 1st time
changes the view of the president and their family
Becomes an image
values and looks of the candidate
Nixon looked bad b/c of debate on TV
not confidante, sweaty, short, and was shown to give dirty looks at Kennedy
Nixon
Constituents v. Personal View
John F. Kennedy
PT 109 in WW2
Irish Catholic
1st preisdent of this religion- concerns were that he would think that the Pope was above him and should make decisions for US based off of what Pope wants- outside entity influencing the gov
Believed in separation of church and state
Good Looking, charming
New Frontier
Won 1960 Election- tv did him good
Democratic
Richard Nixon
Constituents v. Personal View
Republican
Loses 1960 election- tv did him dirty
New Frontier
Kennedy used the phrase "New Frontier" to describe a series of domestic reforms he proposed, including the Peace Corps, increased minimum wage, Social Security expansion, Medicare, and federal aid to education.
New Frontier at Home
Camelot increases
the image of the president and family
Increase min wag and lower tariffs
Fed. spending on public facilities and training
Defense- $6 billion
Space- $ 25 billion
US Steel strike
cut taxes to stimulate the economy
Peace corps
Flexible Response
Kennedy’s foreign policy
hove conventional sources or nuclear sources to take care of a problem
has options
different/change
Aug 13 1961 Berlin Wall
USSR builds the Berlin Wall
Stopped people form leaving E. Berlin
hydrogen bomb was detonated
the East German government began constructing the Berlin Wall, a barrier that separated East and West Berlin and became a symbol of the Cold War. The wall was built to stop East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin, and it divided families and limited freedom of movement.
Reaction to Bay of Pigs
Peace Corps
A volunteer program to assist developing nations.
encouraged by Kennedy
Apart of New Frontier plan
Vietnam
1954 French withdrew in Vietnam a/f being defeated by the Vietnamese
Vietnam splits
S. Viet: Ngo Dinh Diem (Demo)
N. Viet: Ho Chih Minh (Communist)
Wanted a united Vietnam
Vietcong- Communist Vietnamese found the South
May 1959- VC ambush convoys, assassinate officers, and Start controlling S. Vietnam
1961 3200 US personnel- sent to Vietnam
1963 16,000 soldiers in Vietnam (120 killed)
Ngo Dinh Diem cracks down on Buddhist monks
the Buddhists started to set themselves on fire in protest
Nov 1 1963- Diem is killed
Nov 1 1963
coup occurs
Diem is captured and killed by his own people
JFK does not approve but does not condemn the current government
Bay of Pigs
1400 Americans invaded Cuba
Cuba instantly knew they were there and shot at them
Kennedy didn’t send air help for those who invaded
Made Kennedy look bad for not sending help
Reaction was Berlin Wall being built
April of 1961
Cuban Missile Crisis
Oct 14 1961 U-2 spy planes found missile silos in Cuba that were pointed at the US
Kennedy goes on National TV and says
ordered navy to stop vessels w/ offensive weapons
Khruschev needed to dismantle the bases
Any Cuban based attack would be "Fully Retaliated” upon Soviet soil
Khrushchev had boats sent to Cuba
they were going to launch nuclear weapons on US boats but 1 person disagreed so Khrushchev backed down
Kennedy then lifts the blockade
Promised not to invade and removed the missiles in Turkey
Installed “hot line” red phone
line only between US and Russia
Khrushchev looked weak so he was replace by Leonid Breznev (eyebrows)
Assassination of JFK
Nov 22 1963
Dallas Texas
Lee Harvey Oswald- killed JFK
Jack Ruby- killed Oswald before we could learn the real story of what happened
Warren Commsion
Made statement about JFK assassination that had people question the government
said Oswald worked alone
Oswald was behind JFK but the shot came from the front/side
CIA Plot
Magic Bullet
Bullets come from wrong angles and don’t seem believable
Zapruder film
showed that the shot came from the wrong way for Oswald to be working alone
Robert Kennedy
Robert Francis Kennedy (RFK), the brother of John F. Kennedy, was a prominent American politician and lawyer. He served as U.S. Attorney General (1961-1964) and later as a U.S. Senator from New York (1965-1968). Kennedy was assassinated in 1968 while running for the Democratic presidential nomination. He is considered an icon of American liberalism and is remembered for his passionate advocacy for civil rights and social justice.
Lyndon Johnson
Vice president of Kennedy
Became 36th president a/f JFK assassination
Pushed for Kennedy’s programs
Wanted Racial Equality a/f JFK’s death
Signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Had war on poverty and wanted a “Great Society”
Civil Rights Acts- 1964
Almost 100 years a/f the Civil War
Outlawed discrimination by employers against African Americans and Women
Outlawed racial segregation in public
hotels, movies, restaurants
Lyndon Johnson signed in
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
Job corps
finance local antipoverty efforts
train the unskilled people
Lend money to small businesses in poor areas
could hire people and get them out of poverty
War on Poverty
Poverty was up to 22% in America
40 million Americans were in poverty in 1960
the poverty lines changed depending on where you lived
LBJ wanted to lower poverty in the US
Great Society
LBJ declared war on poverty
1960- 40 million Americans were below the poverty lines
22% of America
amount that makes you in poverty is a changing line based on where you lived
NY not the same as Decatur
Appalachia mountains
Medicare
An LBJ policy
Jan 1965
gave insurance once you reach a certain age
lots of restrictions and only certain services
People over 65 get it
Part A- hospital insurance for retired
Part B- optional covering for Doctor bills for Doctor’s appointments
Medicaid help states pay expenses for poor even under 65
Election of 1964
LBJ reelected
the people like him
Civil rights vicotries
tax policy that was favorable
war on poverty
Barry Goldwater
other candidate
Lassiez Faire
cut back on social security
get rid of TVA
Elementary and Secondary Education Act- 1965
gave federally funds to school districts
Head start program
Voting Rights Act 1965
LBJ Policy
Federal gov intervened to protect black registration and voting for state, local, and federal elections
some saw as gov impeding on states rights
National Endowment for the Arts
LBJ policy
The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) was created in 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson as part of his "Great Society" agenda. It was established under the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act, which also led to the creation of the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). The NEA's primary goal was to support artistic excellence, expand access to the arts, and strengthen the country's cultural infrastructure.
National Endowment for the Humanities
LBJ policy
Included teaching social studies and psych classes
The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) was created by President Lyndon B. Johnson through the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965. This act established both the NEH and the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) as separate, independent agencies. The NEH is dedicated to supporting projects that foster a deeper understanding of the humanities, while the NEA focuses on the arts
Immigration Act of 1965
LBJ policy
changes the numbers in the National Origin Act of 1924
290,000 total and priority given based on job skills and political asylum- people leaving communist countries
120,000 could come over form the Western Hemisphere
limited people coming over form Latin America and Canada
Maddox
In the 1960s, Lester Maddox gained notoriety and political success by appealing to white Georgians with his segregationist views and defiance of the Civil Rights Act. He refused to integrate his Pickrick restaurant, even when ordered by a court, and famously chased away African Americans. Despite his controversial stance on civil rights, Maddox was elected governor of Georgia in 1966 and surprisingly implemented some progressive policies, including increased funding for education and appointments of African Americans to state offices. He also faced criticism for his response to Martin Luther King Jr.'s funeral procession and his refusal to lower flags to half-mast.
C. Turner Joy
Charles Turner Joy was a highly decorated admiral in the US Navy, serving during World War II and the Korean War. He was a key figure in truce negotiations in Korea and later served as superintendent of the Naval Academy. The destroyer USS Turner Joy (DD-951) was named in his honor.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
gave the president unlimited power to fight the war
increased involvement in Vietnam to win the war
Air raid on N. Viet to 5000 a month
Search and destroy missions
destroy the enemies( N. Viet and supporters)
Escalation
1965 Bombing of north supply line
April 100,000
Stalemate for 3 yrs
Bombing in effective- Ho Chih Minh Trail
1968- 500,000
Vietcong controlled 40% of South
General Westmorland in charge
Guerilla Warfare
Tet Offensive- 1968
Vietcong attacked a lot of cities in S. Viet
publicity in US changes the war be be seen as negative
Tet offensive 1968
Vietcong attacked a lot of cities in S. Viet
publicity in US changes the war be be seen as negative
a series of coordinated attacks launched by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces on over 100 cities and outposts in South Vietnam during the Tet holiday in January 1968. While militarily, the U.S. and South Vietnamese forces successfully repelled the attacks, the offensive had a significant impact on American public opinion, eroding support for the war and ultimately contributing to the escalating US withdrawal from Vietnam.
Ho Chih Minh Trail
The Ho Chi Minh Trail, also known as the Annamite Range Trail, was a crucial military supply route during the Vietnam War, connecting North Vietnam with South Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia. It served as a vital network for transporting troops, weapons, and supplies to communist forces in the South.
General Westmoreland
General William Westmoreland was the commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam from 1964 to 1968, a period that included the height of the Vietnam War. He oversaw the significant buildup of American troops in Vietnam and implemented a strategy of attrition against the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army.
My Lai Massacre
American soldiers entered My Lai and executed men, women, and children in terrible ways including rape
was publicized to the public in America
soldiers were called baby killers
The American soldier were angry because N. Viet wasn’t fighting fairly
skinned Americans alive
the massacre was their retaliation
Free speech movement
If you were in college you weren’t allowed to be drafted into the wars
so the college students started to protest for their friends who weren’t in college
suspicion of depression born affluence society
a/f the Great Depression people were influent in money
didn’t get drafted because they could pay to no be, so the poor were the ones who were drafted
turned on University servant of corporate culture
the university shut down the protests- students took it to the Supreme Court as limiting their right for Freedom of Speech and right to peaceful protest
students for a democratic society
Started in Michigan in 1962
before the Civil Rights Act 1964
wanted to rid America of poverty, racism, violence
Participatory democracy- individual over group
Teach ins
Started in Michigan 1965
Teachers invited students to his house for class
smoked Marijana the whole time
A way to protest Vietnam
Columbia 1968
Protest at the college
Seized 5 buildings
Held sit ins on campus
Timothy Leary
Timothy Francis Leary (1920-1996) was a prominent figure in the American counterculture movement, particularly known for his advocacy of psychedelic drugs like LSD. He was a psychologist, writer, and a pioneer in psychedelic drug research, believing in their therapeutic and spiritual potential. Leary famously coined the phrase "Turn on, tune in, drop out," which became a rallying cry for the counterculture. He was also one of the first people to have their remains sent into space.
Cesar Chavez
WAs the MLK jr. or Hispanics in Napa, California
fought for rights for Hispanics working wine vineyards
Cesar Chavez was a Mexican American labor and civil rights leader who dedicated his life to improving the lives of farmworkers in the United States. He is best known for co-founding the United Farm Workers (UFW) labor union with Dolores Huerta and for his nonviolent strategies, including strikes, boycotts, and hunger strikes. Chavez's efforts led to significant improvements in wages, working conditions, and benefits for farmworkers.
National Farm workers Association
5 yr struggle to increase the wages for Hispanics
led to a growth of respect for Mexican Americans
Chicanos- named expressed culture, ethnic, and community identity
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan was a prominent American feminist, writer, and activist who is widely credited with sparking the second wave of feminism in the United States. Her 1963 book, "The Feminine Mystique," challenged traditional gender roles and gave voice to the frustrations many women felt in the 1950s and 60s. Friedan also co-founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) and served as its first president.
Said that the home was a comfortable concentration camp
house wives had no self esteem or sense of identity
National Organization for Women
Develops b/c of the book Feminine Mystique
work to have equal rights in the US
Equal rights Amendment of 1972
was an amendment for women to have equal rights
doesn’t pass because not enough states agreed for it to pass
Phyllis Schlafly was one of the reason it didn’t
Tet Offensive
communist lost but attacked every major city in S. Vietnam
shows that the US is not in control
question was why is US there
General Westmorland asks for 206,000 more troops
The Tet Offensive, a pivotal event in US history, refers to a series of coordinated attacks launched by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces against South Vietnamese and US military targets during the Vietnamese New Year (Tet) in January-February 1968. These attacks, while ultimately repelled by US and allied forces, significantly impacted public opinion in the United States, shifting support away from the war.
Anti war movement Chicago
Chicago played a significant role in the anti-war movement, particularly during the Vietnam War and the 1968 Democratic National Convention. The protests in Chicago, especially in 1968, were a focal point of national attention, attracting thousands of anti-war activists. The 1968 protests, which included clashes with police, led to arrests and injuries. Chicago also became a center for other anti-war activities, including the Chicago 15, who set fire to Selective Service records.
Vietnamization
Nixon’s idea to move American troops out of Vietnam so the Vietnamese can protect themselves
decrease American troops and increase S. Viet troops
Orderly withdraw
My Lai Massacre
Kent St. University 1970
On May 4, 1970, the Ohio National Guard fired into a crowd of unarmed student protesters at Kent State University, resulting in four students killed and nine wounded. The shootings occurred after days of unrest over the expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia. The event triggered a nationwide student strike, forcing hundreds of colleges and universities to close.
Detente
Nixon’s change in Foreign Policy
highly successful
b/f was containment
containment was bringing USSR and China together
opened doors to communist countries
1st sent Henry Kissinger to China and USSR
opened borders to trade with them- china had a lot of people so a big market for US to trade with
sent ping pong players to China to make connections
2nd 1972 Nixon and Kissinger sent of China
China ends up taking Taiwan’s in the UN
makes China have a dualistic economy- part capitalistic econ and part command econ
brought fast food industry to china
US exports up to $4 billion by 1980
3rd Nixon and Kissinger to USSR
dualistic econ set up but fails
destroys communism there
US sold grain to USSR
SALT- Strategic Arms Limitations Talk
no more making nuclear ballistic missiles
reduce anti ballistic missiles
4th get out of Vietnam
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 as a result of growing public concern about environmental issues and a need for a coordinated federal approach to environmental protection. President Richard Nixon proposed the creation of the EPA on July 9, 1970, and it officially began operations on December 2, 1970. The agency was designed to serve as the public's advocate for a livable environment and consolidate federal environmental activities.
Specifically, it was created to implement key environmental laws like the Clean Air Act and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Earth Day Created
Clean Air Act
The Clean Air Act of 1970 is a U.S. federal law designed to regulate air emissions. It established the EPA to set and enforce air quality standards, protect public health, and address air pollution nationwide. The Act regulates both stationary and mobile sources of air pollution, requiring the EPA to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for six key pollutants.
Strategic Arms Limitations Talks
SALT
a series of bilateral agreements between the United States and the Soviet Union aimed at limiting the strategic nuclear forces of each nation. These talks, which began in 1968, resulted in several treaties, including the Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty and the Interim Agreement on Strategic Offensive Arms. The SALT agreements were a key part of the Cold War arms control efforts.
Cambodia
The Cambodia-Vietnam War was a series of conflicts between Vietnam and Cambodia, primarily driven by the Khmer Rouge regime's actions and Vietnam's desire to protect its border and end the regime's atrocities. Key events include the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia in December 1978, the overthrow of the Khmer Rouge, and the subsequent Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia.
Jan 27, 1973
On January 27, 1973, the Paris Peace Accords were signed, officially ending the direct U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War. This agreement included a ceasefire, troop withdrawal, and the return of U.S. prisoners of war.
Watergate Scandal
CREEP (Committee to reelect the president) broke into the Democratic head quarters and bugged it with microphones
did it twice but the second time they got caught
Scandal isn’t that CREEP bugged the democrats, Scandal is that Nixon tried to cover it up and claim Executive Privileges on information- you can’t arrest me b/c I’m the president
Nixon had tapes of meetings but said that no one could look at them
Saturday Night Massacre- fired a lot of people which made him look more guilty
Nixon eventually hands over the tapes but they had been altered and had explict language so the public isn’t liking him
The United States takes Nixon to Trial
US v. Richard Nixon 1974
August 8 1974 Nixon resigns and Ford pardons him on Sept 8
Makes US look like it has a corrupt government
Archival Cox
Archibald Cox was a prominent figure in American legal history, known for his role as Special Prosecutor during the Watergate scandal. He also served as Solicitor General from 1961 to 1965, arguing numerous landmark civil rights cases before the Supreme Court. Beyond his legal career, Cox taught at Harvard Law School and was a key figure in Common Cause, a non-profit organization advocating for government accountability.
Saturday Night Massacres
Nixon fired a lot of people in the midst of the Watergate scandal
The "Saturday Night Massacre" refers to a series of resignations and dismissals within the US Justice Department that occurred on October 20, 1973, during the Watergate scandal. It was triggered by President Richard Nixon's order to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox, who was investigating Nixon's involvement in the Watergate break-in.
Stagflation
Stagflation in the 1970s was a period of unusual economic conditions characterized by high inflation, high unemployment, and slow economic growth. This phenomenon challenged traditional economic theories that suggested inflation and unemployment were inversely related. The oil crises and the Vietnam War played significant roles in exacerbating the situation.
6 days war
The Six-Day War, also known as the June War or the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, was a brief but impactful conflict fought between June 5th and 10th, 1967,. It pitted Israel against a coalition of Arab states, primarily Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.
October war
The October War, also known as the Yom Kippur War, was a conflict fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria.
OPEC
OPEC stands for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. It is a group of 13 oil-producing and exporting nations, mainly located in the Middle East, that work together to coordinate oil production and exports, ultimately aiming to influence global oil prices and increase profits for their member countries.
Gerald Ford
Became President Aug 9 1974
Pardoned Nixon Sept 8 1974
led to him not winning the next election
At a news conference he said the CIA had plotted to assassinate foreign leaders before
against democracy
Said 8 attempts o Castro alone
but George H W Bush in charge of CIA
created an Executive Order to outlaw assassination attempts as a foreign policy
seemed self explanatory
speaks without filter
concerns the citizens of the US
Energy Policy and Conservation Act
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), passed in 1975, aimed to address the oil crisis by addressing domestic energy supplies, restraining demand, and preparing for energy emergencies. Key provisions included establishing the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, setting energy efficiency standards for consumer products, and implementing Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards for vehicles.
Earth Day
Earth Day was born in 1970, sparked by Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson and activist Denis Hayes, as a way to raise public awareness about environmental issues and encourage action. The first Earth Day, held on April 22, 1970, brought together millions of people in demonstrations and teach-ins across the United States.
Sandra Day OConnor
First women in the Supreme Court 1981
under Regan’s presidency
Ruth Bader Ginsberg
Supreme Court Justice 1993
Under Clinton’s presidency
Equal Rights Amendment 1972
Section 1- equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of sex
Section 2- the Congress shall have the power to enforce by appropriate legislation the provisions of this article
Section 3- this amendment shall take effect 2 yrs after the date of ratification
Doesn’t Pass
Senate and House passed it but only 22 states agreed
Phyllis Schafly
Phyllis Schlafly was a conservative activist and author known for her opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and her role in the Republican Party. She is often credited with being a key figure in the conservative movement of the 1960s and 70s. Schlafly argued that the ERA would harm women and families, leading to the loss of traditional roles and the potential for mandatory military service. She also published a newspaper called the "Phyllis Schlafly Report" and remained politically active until her death in 2016.
Didn’t want unisex toilets, homosexual marriages, drafting of women, or equal in the house and job requirements
Roe v. Wade 1973
Made it a Federal choice on laws of abortion
made gov look like it’s making too many decisions
in the first trimester decision left to the pregnant women’s doctor
2nd trimester states promote their interests in the mother’s health regulating abortion procedures related to the health of the mother
3rd trimester- states may promote their interests in the potentiality of human life by regulating or even prohibiting abortion except when necessary to preserve the life or health of the mother
Gay Liberation Front
tried to stop discrimination of homosexuals
1964- encourage homosexuals to affirm their pride with their sexual identity
1974 American Psychiatric Association stopped classifying homosexuality as a mental disorder
Laws forbidding discrimination in housing and employment
AIDS/HIV
Blood born pathogen
1980s seen as a Gay Disease
didn’t know what the disease was but gay people had it
ACT UP- AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power- disrupted meeting and stock exchange
1992- Don’t Ask Don’t Tell moto
5 yr delay to develop AIDS
People feared everyone
said away from swimming pools and drinking fountains
Defense of Marriage act 1966
The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was a US federal law passed in 1996 that defined marriage as the union of one man and one woman for federal purposes. It also allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states. While DOMA was in effect, it effectively denied same-sex couples numerous federal benefits and recognition.
Jimmy Carter
Won Election of 1976
Was an outsider, southerner, with no experience , fresh and untainted leadership
wasn’t apart of the political corruption
would get rid of the corruption
Problems during Presidency
Iran Hostage Crisis
Inflation bad
Health Education Welfare
During Jimmy Carter's presidency, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) underwent significant changes, most notably the establishment of a separate Department of Education.
Camp David Accord
Egypt and Israel had been at war since 1967
US brought them together to negotiate
Leader of Egypt, Anwar Sadat, was shunned by all Islamic countries because they negotiated w/ Israel who had taken land away from Palestine to give to the Jews
US had always aided Israel so they were able to take away the Sinai Peninsula
during negotiation they gave it back to Egypt
Egypt recognized Israela s a country
important b/c when Israel was created no Muslim country recognized them
Cause of 9/11
Nicaragua 1979
communist spread to Nicaragua and start to become like Cuba
In 1979, Nicaragua saw the fall of the Somoza dictatorship and the rise of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). The revolution, led by the FSLN, overthrew Anastasio Somoza Debayle, ending his family's long-standing rule. The Sandinistas established a revolutionary government, initially as part of a Junta of National Reconstruction. The FSLN then took exclusive power in March 1981. This period marked a significant shift in Nicaraguan politics, moving from a long-standing dictatorship to a revolutionary government.
US sent money and Peace corps to aid them
Iran Hostage Crisis
Iran had a revolution that put Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini in charge
revolution b/c the Shah was trying to westernize and the people didn’t like it
The old Shah was kicked out of Iran and eventually developed cancer
Carter allowed the Shah to come into the US for cancer treatment
Iran b/cm mad at US and invaded the America Embassy- took 52 hostages for 444 days
Carter tried diplomacy and econ ideas to try to free the hostages
In April 1980 Carter attempted an air rescue but it failed
Hostages weren’t released until Regan was elected president
SALT II
The SALT II treaty, signed in 1979, was a bilateral agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union aimed at limiting strategic nuclear weapons. It aimed to replace the earlier Interim Agreement and established numerical equality in nuclear delivery systems, with limits on MIRV missiles (missiles with multiple, independent warheads). Despite being signed, the treaty was never ratified by the U.S. Senate, primarily due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, which effectively killed its chances of passing
But a ceiling of 2400 nuclear launchers
MX Missile
Holds 10 war heads
The MX missile, also known as the Peacekeeper, was a U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) developed and deployed from 1986 to 2005. It was a highly advanced, MIRV-capable missile, capable of delivering multiple nuclear warheads to targets thousands of miles away.
USSR invaded Afghanistan
US response
banned technology to Russia
embargoed grain
draft registration began again
boycotted 1980 Moscow Olympics
Moral Majority
A neoconservatism group
reaffirmed capitalism and what was right about America v. Negative
Didn’t like Engle v. Vitale
outlawed forced school prayer
Wanted to bring back Christian Morals to America
Christian beliefs being forced into the gov
Helped Regan win the presidency
Leader was Jerry Falwell
fundamentalist group dedicated to preserving the “American way of Life”
fight pornography, obscenity, vulgarity, and profanity
Invited Roman Catholics, Jews, Protestants, Mormons, Nonreligious
so it doesn’t look like just Christians
And Wanted everyone to be moral
Election of 1980
“Regan Revolution”
Regan won easily b/c they didn’t like Carter
Iran Hostage Crisis
Inflation high
The people wanted change
Supply side economics
Andrew Mellon’s idea
Reduce taxes so the UC had more $ to put back into their businesses
more factories built, so more jobs for Americans
Works in the 80s
In the 90s companies realized they could go to other countries and get the same work for cheaper
1st- cut federal spending
$41 billion from the budget
Social Services (food stamps) reduced
reduce public service jobs, student loans, and mass transit
with the student loans the gov would take $ out of their pay check- Garnishment
2nd- cut taxes
wanted 25% in 3 yrs
congress offered 30% in 2 yrs
5% 1st, 10% 2nd and 3rd yrs
Drew Lewis
Secretary of Transportation
reduced the restrictions on the auto industry that were put in the 1970s
said carbon emissions need to be reduced
need fuel efficiency
PATCO 1981
the air traffic controllers union had a strike
was controlled by the gov
Regan fired them all when they went on strike and replaced them with new workers
Social Security under Regan
Increased 500% since 1970
econ was going up so more people were taking out than was put in
1983 changes
Gradual increase in retirement age- 65
Delayed cost of living increased for 6 months
Abandoned Detente
Regan abandoned Nixon’s foreign policy
sent 572 missiles to W. Europe to scared Russia
nuclear war heads
Strategic Defense Initiative
“Star Wars”
put satellites into space that have mirrors that reflect lasers that will hit and destroy missiles from enemies
lasers move at the speed of light which is faster than the missiles
ICBMs
During the Reagan presidency, ICBMs played a significant role in US military strategy, both as a deterrent and as part of the Cold War arms race. The Reagan administration focused on modernizing the ICBM force, including the deployment of new missiles like the Peacekeeper missile and the Small Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (SICBM).
Nicaragua/Sandinistas
Communist Sandinistas overthrew the Samoza in 1979
Cut off aid to Nicaragua
1983 sent money to Nicaragua from Alexander Haig
Congress “NO”
CIA supported the Cantras
Boland Amendment
El Salvador/Contras
The Contras, also known as the Contra guerrillas, were an anti-Sandinista rebel group that played a significant role in the Nicaraguan Revolution and the wider Central American conflict. El Salvador was also deeply involved in this conflict, as the Salvadoran Civil War (1979-1992) was part of the same regional crisis, with both countries' governments supported by the United States and the guerrilla groups receiving support from other countries.
PLO/Lebanon
June 6, 1982 Israel invaded Lebanon to get Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Lebanon has civil War
US forced to help restore order
Terrorists use truck to kill 239 marines
US pulls out
Iran-Contra Affair
John Poindexter replaced McFarlene in NSC
sold TOW/ Hawk missiles to Iran
money got from selling weapons was sent to Contras
illegal under the Boland amendment
People think that Regan authorized it b/c the NSC’s job is advise the president with National security
North and Poindexter prosecuted
took the blame for Regan
Regan either lied or didn’t know what the NSC was doing
Oliver North
Head of NSC
job is advise the president on national security
Boland Amendment
1984
prohibited any US agency from spending money in Central America
Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty
US and Russia would remove and destroy all immediate missiles in Europe
America with Disabilities Act
1991- prohibited discrimination against the disabled in hiring, transportation, and public accommodations
1992- all public buildings, restaurants, and stored had to create an access to their building that was accessible for handicapped people
Tiananmen Square
May 1989 students protest b/c they are mad after seeing the capitalistic econ in China
June 4-5 all communication outside China was cut off
repression occurs, killed many, and military gov and police take over
Mikhail Gorbachev
leader of Russia 1985
USSR downfall
was going Bankrupt and Regan used that to destroy them
Perestroika- makes Russia econ more capitalistic
Glasnost- talk to countries they didn’t like to open markets
1989 takes Russia out of Afghanistan
last effort
Savings and Loan Issue
people put savings and loans into mom and pop type shop banks
weren’t covered by FDIC
many failed so Bush merged strong and weak ones and regulated the surviving one
1992 $700 billion in cost
those that put their money into the savings and loans knew it wasn’t covered by FDIC
people b/cm upset b/c why are they paying for those peoples mistake