Elements of Nutrition Final Mrs. Johnson

How to have healthy male fertility

Stop Smoking

Avoid alcohol

Achieve/maintain healthy body weight

Avoid drugs

Eat healthy foods

How to have healthy female fertility

Achieve/ maintain healthy body weight

Get enough folic acid

Moderate fish- avoid methylmerucury

Moderate caffeine

avoid smoking and drugs

During the first trimester what happens to the baby

Fertilized egg develops into a fetus

The egg is fertilized where? And travels where ? During first trimester

Egg is fertilized in fallopian tube then travels to the uterus

When and where does the embryo implant during 1st trimester

In the uterus 5-7 days after conception

What happens to the placenta during the first trimester

The placenta grows and connect s embryo/fetus to mothers blood supply

Do the moms blood and kids blood mix

NO NO NEVER NUH UH UH UH GOD FORBID

How are nutrients given to the baby

They are transferred from the mom

What does the umbilical cord do

Connects fetus to placenta

How long until the Embryo turns into a fetus

8 weeks

What is it when cravings are non food items

Pica

Hormone fluctuations cause what

Nausea

Are cravings caused by specific deficiencies

No

What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy

25-35 lbs

How much weight should be gained during 1st trimester

1-4.5 lbs.

What nutrients do you need more of when pregnant

1. Folate

2. Iron

3. Zinc + Copper

4. Calcium and vitamin D

5. DHA, choline and vitamin B

What does folate do during pregnancy

Support neural tube development

What does Iron do during pregnancy

Needed to make additional red blood cells

What does calcium and Vitamin D do during pregnancy

Supports fetal growth and prevents maternal osteoporosis

What is it called when pathogens cross the placenta

Listeria

What should you avoid during pregnancies

Unpasteurized products, Soft cheese, deli style meats, raw/undercooked foods, raw sprouts

What is SIDS

sudden infant death syndrome

Stages where cells/tissues differentiate and grow rapidly

Critical Period

Maternal nutrition may predispose baby to metabolic disease in adulthood

Fetal programming

How many kcals should you add during the 2nd trimester

340

How many carbs should you add in the 2nd trimester

40g

How much protein should you add in the 2nd trimester

25g.

How many minutes are recommended a week of exercise during 2nd trimester

150 min

High blood sugars during pregnancy; causes complications for both

Gestational diabetes

What is macrosomia

larger than normal baby

Yellow coloring of skin due to bile pigments in blood

Jaundice

What risks diabetes for pregnant women

Overweight/obesity

25 yrs. Or older

Prior history or family history

Certain ethnicities

PCOS

Includes gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia

Pregnancy induced hypertension

How many kcals do you add in third trimester

450 kcals

What increases during third trimester

Heartburn and constipation

Development of what is common

Hemorrhage

What happens to adolescent mothers

1. Nutrient deficiency

2. Low birth weight or premature

3. Pregnancy-induced hypertension

4. Unhealthy lifestyle choices

What happens to mothers 35+ mothers

Diabetes

Twins are more common

Doctor may require more appointment

Mothers body produces milk to nourish infant

Lactation

Release of milk from breast to feed baby

Let down response

Feeding an infant with mothers milk

Breast feeding

What does breastfeeding do to pregnancy recovery

1. Helps uterus shrink back to original size

2. Reduces blood loss postpartum

3. May help with postpartum weight loss

Yellowish clear "first milk" that contains Vitamin A, protein, and minerals

Colostrum

Higher fat content and contents change constantly

Mature milk

The baby encounters this first, a lot of water content

Foremilk

What milk comes second

Hindmilk

What woman are not allowed to breast feed

1. HIV/AIDS

2. Cancer, Chemotherapy, or radiation

3. Prescription or over the counter medicine

4. Drug addiction

5. Body has galactosemia

6. Mother can't produce enough

7. Mothers mental health

Delay in physical growth or size

Failure to Thrive FTT

Any other food other than Breast milk or formula

Solid food

What determines readiness with solid food

Milestones

Does sensation occur before allergic reaction

Yes

Severe, life threatening reaction that causes the construction of the airway

Anaphylactic reaction

Adverse reaction to food

Food intolerance

Cause by bacteria; can be fatal to infants

Botulism

What is the main culprit of botulism

Honey

What age is toddler

1-3

What age is preschooler

3-5

How many calories does a toddler need

1000-1400 kcals a day

How much iron does a toddler need

7mg a day

How much iron does a preschooler need

10 mg a day

How much fiber does a toddler need

19 g a day

How much fiber does a preschooler need

25g a day

How much fluid does a toddler need

4 cups a day

How much fluid does a preschooler need

5 cups a day

Uncontrolled cell growth

Cancer

Agents that can cause most cancer

Carcinogens

Has 69 known carcinogens

Tobacco

Excessive exposure to UV light damages DNA

Radiation

What food fights cancer

1. Phytochemicas

2. Retinoids, vitamin D and folate

3. Omega 3 fatty acids

4. Fiber

Lack of sufficient funds to Nutritiously fed oneself

Food insecurity