Bacterial Kingdom

Characteristics

* Prokaryotic
* Unicellular
* Cell walls made of peptidoglycan
* Reproduce asexually through binary fission
* Sexually through connjugation
* Autotrophic/heterotrophic

Pathogenic

harmful bacteria

Non-pathogenic

Not harmful

Bacteria have

* Nucleoids: DNA region in the cytoplasm
* Cell walls: Give it protection and rigidity
* Capsule: protection from antibodies, environments WBC’s
* Ribosomes:
* Pili: Let them attach onto surfaces and exchange DNA
* Flagellum: propel them

Asexual Reproduction

* In ideal conditions
* Through binary fission
* DNA replicates in nuclei region and cell elongates once it reaches a certain size. Cell eventually cleaves splitting it into two smaller identical cells.
* Different from mitosis in that it does not involve nucleus.

Sexual Reproduction

* In unfavourable conditions
* Through conjugation: bacteria joins through piles in order to exchange plasmids (DNA Loop)
* Produces new cell with new genetic combinations suited to help it survive in environment
* F+ cell with plasmid replicates its plasmid to transfer to F- cell which doesn’t have plasmid