Set Works

Machaut's profession and place of work

church canon, Reims Cathedral

period of time Machaut was alive [format (c. -)]

(c. 1300-1377)

Period of time rossini was alive

(c. 1792-1868)

type of music Rossini initially focused on composing

opera buffa

places Rossini composed before his retirement

Naples and Paris

year of Rossini's retirement

1832

why Machaut composed at the end of his life

occupational requirements

why Rossini composed at the end of his life

recreational pleasure

The first composer's full name

Guillaume de Machaut

The second composer's full name

Gioachino Antonio Rossini

setting for machaut's mass

liturgical - for use in a church

reasons for the first composition

for his brother's memorial, use in the Saturday Lady Mass

setting for Rossini's mass

concert - for use in a performance

who likely commissioned the second composition

Count Alexis Pillet-Will

second composition's purpose

celebrating the opening of Count Alexis Pillet-Will's new ballroom

style of the first composition

Ars Nova

time period of the second composition

Romantic Period

style of the second composition

Late Classical

two composers pushing the boundaries of the second composition's time

Wagner and Liszt

first composition's title

Messe de Notre Dame (Mass of Our Lady)

second composition's title

Cum Sanctu Spiritu (from the Petite Messe Solenelle)

What are the four voice parts in the first composition?

Tenor, duplum/motetus, triplum and contratenor

What are the five principal movements of the Mass Ordinary?

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus and Agnus Dei

The dismissal formula for the first composition

Ite, missa est

What are the five main ways the first composition was more developed than previous pieces of the time?

Polyphony, scale and duration, cyclical unity, isorhythms, artistic merit

What is the tenor line built on in the first composition?

Cantus firmus/Vatican Kyrie IV

When was the first composition composed

Early 1360s

When was the second composition composed

1863

What famous operas did rossini composed before he was 21?

The Barber of Seville, William Tell and The Italian Girl in Algiers

At what age did rossini retire

39

1st part of structure of a fugue

Subject: 4-8 bars long, modulates to the dominant key by the end of the theme (F-C)

2nd part of structure of a fugue

Answer: almost the same as the subject but with slight variation to return to original key (C-F)

3rd part of structure of a fugue

Counter-subject: what a part plays while another plays the answer. Less strictly ordered and provides melodic interest

4th part of structure of a fugue

Episode: included for variety

5th part of structure of a fugue

Stretto: caused by overlapping of themes (subjects and answers) to add variation and build energy and excitement

Who was the master of fugal writing (include period, heritage and occupation)

J.S. Bach, a Baroque German composer

Examples of fugues from the master of fugal writing

The Little Fugue in G minor, choruses from the St Matthew Passion Oratorio and the Mass in B minor

The second piece is the only famous classical piece to use which instrument

Harmonium

structure of first composition

ABA structure (Kyrie Eleison x 3 [I], Christe Eleison x 3, Kyrie Eleison x 2 [II], Kyrie Eleison x 1 [III])

what are the pitches in the first composition’s tenor melody line called?

colores

what kind of movement happens in the first composition’s melody? (The melodic contour…)

The melodic contour, like most plainchants, mostly moves in 2nds and 3rds, and as such is not particularly memorable. This is called stepwise movement.

what is the first composition’s rhythmic pattern, and what is it called?

dotted semibreve, minim, semibreve, dotted semibreve, dotted semibreve rest, talea

what is the second composition’s subject shape?

Cum Sanctu Spiritu’s subject has a striking and memorable shape, starting with a chromatic minor 7th and modulating by the end of its 7 bar length

what method is the second composition’s melody written around?

A complex fugue

variation in the second composition

The subject has minimal variation except for the stretto

analyse section

write an angle and debate between the two - purpose, innovation, composition techniques. BOTH ARE STRUCTURED AROUND THE MELODY