Experiments Related to Quantum Mechanics

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Photoelectric effect

showed that light is quantized into photons, supporting the particle nature of light

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Black-body radiation

led to Planck’s quantum hypothesis that energy is emitted in discrete quanta

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Electron diffraction by crystal

confirmed the wave nature of electrons and matter (wave-particle duality)

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Emission spectrum of hydrogen atom

supported quantized electron energy levels in atoms

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Alpha-particle scattering by a metal foil

revealed the existence of a small, dense atomic nucleus (Rutherford model)

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X-ray diffraction by a crystal

demonstrated that X-rays have wave properties and enabled determination of crystal structures