unit 7 neural radiography

the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres is gray matter and is called the

cortex

the space between the cerebral hemispheres is called the

longitudinal fissure

name the three layers of meninges

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

the membranous partition between the cerebral hemispheres is called the

falx cerebri

the layer of meninges that is in closest contact with the surface of the cerebrum is the

pia mater

what is the name of the meningeal layer that forms a tough outer covering for the brain?

dura mater

in transverse sections, what are the triangular spaces at the anterior and posterior ends of the falx cerebri?

superior sagittal sinus

what is the name of the space between two adjacent cerebral gyri?

sulcus

what is the name of the meningeal layer that extends from the top of one gyrus to another, forming a "bridge" over the sulci?

arachnoid

between which two layers of meninges is the cerebrospinal fluid located?

arachnoid and pia mater (subarachnoid space)

which ventricle of the brain is the most superior?

lateral ventricle

name in sequence the five regions of space and meninges between the outer layer of meninges and the cerebral cortex

dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, pia mater

what is the most anterior lobe of the cerebrum?

frontal lobe

what blood-filled space is located in the superior margin of the falx cerebri?

superior sagittal sinus

what blood vessels are located in the anterior portion of the longitudinal fissure?

anterior cerebral arteries

what is the blood-filled space at the internal margin of the posterior part of the falx cerebri?

inferior sagittal sinus

what region of white matter is between the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus?

internal capsule

which of the basal ganglia is closest to the insula?

claustrum

what specialized capillary structure is found in the ventricles of the brain?

choroid plexus

what are the four hemispherically shaped structures that project into the superior cistern?

colliculi of corpora quadrigemina

what is the name of the venous sinus located at the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli?

straight sinus

how can you distinguish between the inferior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus?

tentorium cerebelli=straight sinus

in transverse sections, what is the small hole in the midbrain?

cerebral aqueduct

in transverse sections, what ventricle appears as a narrow, midline slit?

third ventricle

what is the blood vessel in the space anterior to the pons?

basilar artery

what blood vessels are immediately lateral to the pituitary gland?

internal carotid arteries

what large cranial nerve is typically evident as it emerges from the pons?

trigeminal nerve

in transverse sections, what lobe of the brain is evident anterior to the petrous ridge?

temporal lobe

what is the name of the dura mater between the two cerebellar peduncles?

falx cerebelli

what is the name of the central part of the cerebellum?

vermis

into what vessel does the sigmoid sinus drain?

internal jugular vein

which is more anterior, the carotid canal or the jugular foramen?

carotid canal

in sagittal sections through the head, what is the triangular space at the posterior end of the tentorium cerebelli?

transverse sinus

which is more anterior, the styloid process or the internal jugular vein?

styloid process

what venous sinus is evident in the temporal bone?

sigmoid sinus

what is the nerve located approximately midway between the superior and inferior rectus muscles?

optic nerve

which is more anterior, the olfactory bulb or the optic chiasm?

olfactory bulb

which is the most superior, the pons, the midbrain, or the medulla oblongata?

midbrain

what specific portion of the lateral ventricles is present in the occipital lobe of the brain?

posterior horn

what two venous sinuses are evident in coronal sections through the posterior region of the head?

superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus

what are the two predominant extensions of dura mater evident in coronal sections through the posterior region of the head?

falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

which is the most lateral, the vermis, the choroid plexus, or the transverse sinus?

transverse sinus

what is the specific subarachnoid space evident at the posterior end of the inferior margin of the falx cerebri?

superior cistern

what is the dural extension between the cerebrum and cerebellum?

tentorium cerebelli

the partition between the two lateral ventricles is the

septum pellucidum

the space between the two large regions of the diencephalon is the

third ventricle

the arteries in the region of the insula are the

middle cerebral arteries

which is the most lateral, the thalamus, the lentiform nucleus, the internal capsule, or the third ventricle?

lentiform nucleus

what blood vessels are evident on both sides of the body of the sphenoid bone?

internal carotid arteries

what is the band of white fibers superior to the lateral ventricle?

corpus callosum

what is the name of the space on both sides of the pituitary gland and sphenoid bone?

cavernous sinus

where is the fifth lobe of the cerebrum, the insula, located?

deep within the lateral fissure

what region of white matter is between the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus?

internal capsule

the hypothalamus is closely associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

Pineal gland, infundibulum, mammillary bodies, optic chiasma

Pineal gland

which statement about the midbrain is NOT correct?

-it is the most superior portion of the brain

-the interventricular foramen is visible in transverse sections as a hollow space running through its center

-it includes the cerebral peduncles and the corpora quadrigemina

-it is located anterior to the superior cistern

the interventricular foramen is visible in transverse sections as a hollow space running through its center

which of the following is a CORRECT match between a cerebellar peduncle ad the part of the brain it connects to?

superior cerebellar peduncle-midbrain

the choroid plexus is

specialized vascular structures that produce cerebrospinal fluid

which statement about the ventricles of the brain is NOT true?

-the third ventricle is located along the midline of the diencephalon

-the lateral ventricles are located in the cerebral hemispheres and are separated by the septum pellucidum

-the fourth ventricle receives CSF through the cerebral aqueduct and is located anterior to the cerebellum

-cerebrospinal fluid exits into the subarachnoid space through small holes located in each of the ventricles

cerebrospinal fluid exits into the subarachnoid space through small holes located in each of the ventricles

the endosteum of the skull forms the

outer layer of dura mater

the short extension of dura mater that projects between the right and left cerebellar hemispheres is the

falx cerebelli

the cisterns of the brain are:

areas around the base of the brain where the arachnoid and pia mater are widely separated

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the cisterns of the brain?

-the chiasmatic cistern is continuous with tthe interpeduncular cisterm

-the cerebellomudullary cistern receives CSF through the foramen of Magendie

-the circle of Willis is in the interpeduncular cistern

-the superior cistern is also called the cisterna communicans

the superior cistern is also called the cisterna communicans

which of the following contains the internal carotid artery and the trochlear, abducens, and oculomotor nerves?

cavernous sinus

which of the following is NOT located in close proximity to the circle of Willis?

-insula, optic chiasma, pituitary gland, interpeduncular cistern

Insula

Which of these is NOT a correct match between a vessel and a space it travels through?

-basilar artery-pontine cistern

-internal carotid artery-cavernous sinus

-great cerebral vein-cisterna ambiens

-middle cerebral artery-longitudinal fissure

middle cerebral artery-longitudinal fissure

which type of cerebral hemorrhage is frequently the result of a hemangioma that develops as a result of chronic hypertension?

intracerebral hemorrhage

which type of tumor is usually a benign, slow growing tumor in the region of the sella turcica?

pituitary adenoma

what structure of a cervical vertabra allows passage of the vertebral arteries through the bone?

transverse foramen

which of the following flows directly into the internal jugular vein?

sigmoid sinus

originates on the aponeurosis of the scalp and helps elevate the eyebrows

frontalis

what is the name of the band of white fibers that forms the communication pathway between the two cerebral hemispheres?

corpus callosum

what region of gray matter forms the lateral walls of the third ventricle?

thalamus

what specific region of the basal ganglia is bordered by the extreme capsule laterally and external capsule medially?

claustrum

which portion of the lentiform nucleus is closer to the internal capsule?

globus pallidus

name two regions of gray matter that are medial to the internal capsule

caudate nucleus and thalamus

what forms the anterior portion of the midbrain?

cerebral peduncles

what structure extends posteriorly from the third ventricle and projects into the superior cistern?

pineal body

what glandular structure extends inferiorly from the hypothalamus?

pituitary gland

what venous sinus extends from the superior cistern to the confluence of the sinuses?

straight sinus

name the three basic parts of the brainstem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

what ventricle is at the level of the cerebellum?

fourth ventricle

what ventricle is a midline structure in the region of the diencephalon?

third ventricle

what is the name of the communicating channel between the third and fourth venticles?

cerebral aqueduct

which of the ventricles are paired?

lateral venticle

what ventricles are connected by the interventricular foramen?

lateral ventricle and third ventricle

the region where the optic nerve penetrates the bulbus oculi is called the

optic disc

the posterior portion of the middle or vascular tunic is the

choroid

the space between the middle and inferior nasal conchae is the

middle meatus

the large sinus at the same level as, but lateral to, the nasal cavity is the

maxillary sinus

what forms the central structure in a coronal section through the posterior portion of the bulbus oculi?

optic nerve

what tiny piece of bone is anterior to the internal jugular vein and lateral to the internal carotid artery?

styloid process

which is normally most lateral or superficial, the internal jugular vein, the internal carotid artery, or the parotid gland?

parotid gland

which is usually more lateral or superficial, the external jugular vein or the external carotid artery?

external jugular vein

which is usually most posterior, the vertebral artery, the internal carotid artery, or the internal jugular vein?

vertebral artery

what is the space medial to the internal carotid arteries and anterior to the prevertebral muscles?

retropharyngeal space

what muscle is frequently related to the external jugular vein?

sternocleidomastoid

what is the typical relationship of the internal carotid artery to the internal jugular vein?

internal carotid artery is more medial and anterior to the internal jugular vein

which is more anterior, the internal carotid artery or the external carotid artery?

external carotid artery