Industral Age and Giled Age

Alexander Graham Bell

Invented the telephone.

American Dream

Anyone can succeed through hard work.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Union that fought for better pay, hours, and working conditions.

Andrew Carnegie

Steel businessman who gave money to help society.

Angel Island

Immigration station mainly for Asian immigrants.

Assimilation

Adopting another society's language and culture.

Bessemer Process

Faster and cheaper way to make steel.

Big Business

Large companies that control major industries.

Boss Tweed

Corrupt New York political boss.

Boycotts

Refusing to buy something to protest.

Capitalism

Private businesses make products for profit.

Captains of Industry

Business leaders who helped economic growth.

Child Labor

Children working in factories and mines.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Law that banned Chinese labor immigration.

City Services

Government services like water, sanitation, and fire protection.

Collective Bargaining

Workers and employers negotiate pay and working conditions.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Businessman who made his fortune in railroads and shipping.

Electricity

Power that made factories and machines more efficient.

Ellis Island

Immigration station for mostly European immigrants.

Entrepreneurs / Entrepreneurship

People who start and run businesses.

Ethnic Neighborhoods

Areas where people from the same culture or country lived.

Factory System

Manufacturing in factories using large numbers of workers.

Free Enterprise

People can start businesses with little government interference.

Galveston

Immigration center for European immigrants in Texas.

Gilded Age

Period of rapid growth, inequality, and corruption.

Gospel of Wealth

Belief that wealthy people should use their money to help others.

Great Strike of 1877

Railroad strike caused by wage cuts that became violent.

Haymarket Riot/Affair

1886 labor protest that became violent after a bomb exploded.

Homestead Strike

1892 steel strike over wage cuts that became violent.

Horizontal Integration

Buying/merging with competing businesses.

Immigrants

People who move to another country.

Immigration Centers

Places where immigrants were processed before entering the U.S.

Industrial Age

Time when America shifted from farming to industry.

Industrialization

Growth of factories and mass production.

Jacob Riis

Photographer who showed the poor living conditions in cities.

J.P. Morgan

Banker who helped control and combine businesses.

John D. Rockefeller

Oil businessman who built a powerful monopoly.

Knights of Labor

Labor union that welcomed many types of workers.

Labor Unions

Worker organizations that fight for better pay and conditions.

Laissez

Faire

Light Bulb

Invention that made electric lighting widely available.

Mines

Places where minerals like coal and gold are taken from the earth.

Monopoly

One company controls an entire industry.

Nativism

Favoring native

Philanthropy

Giving money to help society.

Political Bosses

Leaders who controlled city politics, often through corruption.

Political Machines

Political organizations that controlled cities and elections.

Pull Factors

Things that attract people to a new country.

Pullman Strike

1894 railroad strike that led to federal intervention.

Push Factors

Problems that cause people to leave their country.

Railroad

Transportation system that connected different parts of the country.

Rapid Urbanization

Cities growing quickly because of industry and immigration.

Robber Barons

Rich business leaders who exploited workers and acted unfairly.

Rural

Countryside areas with farms and fewer people.

Samuel Gompers

Labor leader who fought for better wages and shorter workdays.

Sanitation

Systems that keep cities clean and healthy.

Sherman Anti

Trust Act

Social Gospel Movement

Movement that used Christian ideas to address social problems.

Spoils System

Giving government jobs to political supporters.

Strikes

Workers stop working to demand better conditions or pay.

Sweatshops

Workplaces with low pay and poor conditions.

Telephone

Invention that allowed people to communicate over long distances.

Tenement Homes

Crowded, poorly built apartments for poor and immigrant families.

Terrance Powderly

Leader of the Knights of Labor who supported worker reforms.

Thomas Edison

Inventor who created the first efficient light bulb.

Trust

Arrangement where companies combine to reduce competition.

Urbanization

Growth of cities as people move from rural areas to cities.

Vertical Integration

One company controls every step of making and selling a product.