AP Biology: biological macromolecules

Biological macromolecule

A large, organic molecule such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

monomer

A molecule that is a building block for larger molecules (polymers). For example, an amino acid acts as the building blocks for proteins.

Polymer

A large molecule made of repeating subunits (monomers). For example, a carbohydrate is a polymer that is made of repeating monosaccharides.

Carbohydrates

Provide cells with quick/short-term energy, source of dietary fiber: glucose, starch, cellulose, chitin

Lipids

Provide cells with long-term energy, make up biological membranes: Fats, phospholipids, waxes, oils, grease, steroids

Proteins

Provide cell structure, send chemical signals, speed up chemical reactions, etc: Keratin (found in hair and nails), hormones, enzymes, antibodies

Nucleic acid/nucleotides

Store and pass on genetic information: DNA and RNA