Plant + Animal Tissues

what are the 4 main types on plant tissue?

meristematic, ground, epidermal, vascular

what does meristematic tissue do?

actively divides for growth of plant

what is the function of epidermal tissue?

gives the plant protection against drying out and protection from mechanical injury

trichomes

tiny hair - like outgrowths on the epidermis they act as physical and chemical defence mechanisms

what are root hairs

thin - walled outgrowths of the roots of the epidermis that increases the surface area for the uptake of minerals and nutrients

what are guard cells?

control the opening and closing of the stomata, it regulates gas exchange and transpiration

stomata

microscopic pores or openings on the underside of plants

ground tissue

main internal material of a plant, makes up most of the bulk

what are the three types of ground tissue?

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

what is the function of parenchyma

stores food, gas exchange, provides rigidity

what is the function of collenchyma?

structural support, tensile strength

what is the function of sclerenchyma

strengthening, support and protection

what are fibres? (sclerenchyma type)

elongated tough, but flexible cells, common in xylem and phloem

what are sclereids?

are lignified provides rigidity and hardness

what is the function of xylem?

conducts water and inorganic salts

what is the function on phloem?

conducts sugar and other organic solutes

what do xylem vessels do?

keeps plant strong and prevents collapse

what do xylem tracheids do?

lets water pass through via pits

what do xylem fibres do?

they support and protect the plant (no transport)

what do xylem parenchyma do?

help store food and help water move sideways

what are the four types of phloem cells?

sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem fibres, phloem parenchyma

what are the 4 types of animal tissue?

epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

where is epithelial tissue found?

forms lining that covers internal and external surfaces

what are the four types of epithelial tissue?

squamous

cuboidal

columnar

ciliated

what is the function of squamous epithelium?

protects underlying tissue

permeable to gas and fluids

prevents friction

what is the function of cuboidal epithelium?

secretion and absorption

what is the function of columnar epithelium?

absorption, secretion, sensation

what is the function of ciliated epithelium?

cilia on cell moves trapped mucus

movement of the ovum

what is the function of connective tissue?

supports, binds and protects other tissues and organs

what are the 3 types of connective tissue?

areolar, dense, yellow elastic

what are the components of areolar tissue?

fibroblasts

white collagen fibres

elastin fibres

ground substance

what is the function of dense connective tissue?

connects body parts

resists tearing

provides framework

what does a tendon do and what is its function?

connects muscle to bone

helps move your bones when your muscles pull on them

what is a ligament and what is its function?

connects bone to bone

holds joints together and stops them from moving too far

what are the key features and functions of yellow elastic tissue?

made of protein

appears yellowish in colour

bends, stretches, snaps back without breaking

what are key features of cartilage?

no blood supply

shock absorber

smooth surfaces

what are the 3 main types of cartilage?

hyaline

fibrous

elastic

where does hyaline cartilage occur?

end of bones and movable joints

where does fibrous cartilage occur?

spine

knee

joint sockets

pelvis

what are the key features of elastic cartilage?

bends easily

snaps back

has cells

covered up

what are the 3 main types of muscle tissue?

skeletal/voluntary

cardiac

smooth/involuntary

what is the function of skeletal muscle?

maintains posture, generates heat, controlled by nervous system

what is cardiac muscle packed with and why?

it is packed with mitochondria to prevent the heart from getting tired

what are the main functions of smooth/involuntary tissue?

digestion

blood flow

respiration

reproduction and excretion

what is the function of nerve tissue?

controlling bodily functions

processing information

responding to stimuli

what are the 3 types of neurones?

sensory

motor

connector

what do dendrons do?

they have short extensions called dendrites that receive impulses

what do sensory neurones do?

they convert stimuli into electrical impulses

what are the functions of motor neurones?

initiate movement

control voluntary functions

manage glandular activity

execute reflexes

what do inter/connecting neurones do?

integration

decision making

reflex control

what are synapses?

tiny gaps where nerves connect with other cells