A&P 2nd Lecture quiz

Acidosis …

Less than 7.35 , Lungs hyperventilate (rapid breathing), expel CO2

Alkalosis …

Greater than 7.45 , Lungs hypo ventilate (slow breathing), retain CO2

Cellular respiration

Takes place in the mitochondria of cells

C6H12O6 + O2 —> CO2 + H2O + ATP

glucose, oxygen, (yeild), carbon dioxide, water, Adenosine Triphosphate

Bicarbonate Buffer

CO2 + H2O <—→ H2CO3 <—→ H+ + HCO3-

Carbon Dioxide, water, (reversible), Carbonic Acid, (reversible), Hydrogen ion, Bicarbonate ion

human blood is..

basic/alkaline

pH of human blood

7.35 - 7.45

C02

Carbon Dioxide

H20

Water

←——>

Reversible

H2CO3

Carbonic acid

H+

Hydrogen ion

HCO3-

Bicarbonate ion

C6H1206

Glucose

02

Oxygen

—→

yeild

ATP

Adesine Triphosphate

Where does Cellular respiration take place?

The mitochondria

Usable energy ( heartbeat, muscle contractions, cell transportation)

ATP

Equation that needs to be broken down

ATP

What does bicarbonate buffer equation do

Balances pH of blood

Acid

H+ (hydrogen) donor

Base

H+ (proton) acceptor

Buffer

Accept or donate H+ to maintain pH

^ C02 ( H+ and pH are…)

^[H+] v pH

v CO2 ( H+ and pH are…)

v H+ ^ pH

Decomposition

Breaks down reactant into product

Catabolic reactions

Break down, release energy

Exergonic or Exothermic (think exo=exit)

Releases energy in the process

Endogonic or Endothermic

(into) putting energy into reaction

Anabolic

Builds up, uses energy

Exchange reaction

AB + C —→ A + BC

(switch what they are bonded to)

Most abundant cation in the ICF

K+ (potassium)

Most abundant cation in the ECF

Na+2 (Sodium)

Atom

-electrically neutral

-same number of protons as electrons

-Number of protons define its element

Ion

-Electrically charged

-Different number of protons and electrons

-May contain one or more atoms

What happens to a Hydrogen Ion when it loses and electron?

It just becomes a Proton

Reactants collide with each other

Activation Energy

Temperature:

^ temperature ^ reaction rate

v temperature v reaction rate

Bump into =

make faster reaction

Construction of Reactants (People in a bathroom)

^reactants ^ reaction rate

v reactants v reaction rate

Activation Energy

(AE , E v A)

Amount of energy required to reach an activated state

All reactions require activation energy

^AE v Reaction Rate

v AE ^Reaction Rate

Takes a lot of energy slow reaction

Catalyst or Enzyme

Help to speed up

Reaction will take place without enzyme but will take…

longer

Lactose intolerance is lacking…

lactase

What is the double sugar in lactose

Galactose and glucose

-ase-

enzyme

-ose-

sugar

Left side of an equation is the … and the right side is the…

reactants, product

Does an anabolic reaction use up energy?

YES

Does a catabolic reaction use up energy?

NO

Does exothermic - release or use energy?

releases

Does endothermic- release or use up energy?

Uses up

2H2O → 2H2 + O2

Type of reaction-

Anabolic or Catabolic-

Endothermic or Exothermic-

Decomposition- A single reactant (H2O) breaks down into multiple products

Catabolic- Breaks larger molecules into smaller molecules

Endothermic- Breaking the chemical bonds in water requires an input of energy

Na + CL → NACL

Type of reaction-

Anabolic or Catabolic-

Endothermic or Exothermic-

Synthesis- Two simple substances combine to form one complex substance

Anabolic- Build larger molecules from smaller units

Exothermic- NaCL formed from sodium and chlorine. Releases large amount of energy (heat)

A … is a proton (H+) donor

Acid

A … is a proton (H+) acceptor

Base

A … can donate or accept protons (H+)

Buffer

A patients (H+) is too high. They are in a state of …. And they will start to …

Alkosis, Hypoventilate

A patients (H+) is too low. They are in a state of …. And they will start to …

Acidosis, Hyperventilate