Acids and Bases

what are the properties of acids?

sour taste, turns litmus paper red, reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas, reacts with bases to produce salt and water, conduct electric current

what are the properties of bases?

bitter, turns litmus paper blue, feels slippery, reacts with acid to produce salt and water, conducts electric current.

binary acid

contains hydrogen and 1 other element (hydro ___ acid)

oxyacid

acid containing hydrogen atom and oxyanion(a polyatomic ion containing one or more oxygen atoms).

how do you name an oxyacid?

the first word consists of the root of the oxyanion and the prefix per or hypo if thats part of the name. If it ends in -ate then change it to ic, if it ends in -ite change it to ous.

strong acid

an acid that ionizes in a soution, strong electrolyte, acid strength increases with increasing polarity and decreasing bond energy.

weak acid

an acid that only slightly dissociates in a water solution which ocntains h3o ions, anions, and dissolved acid molecules. only a small percent of acid molecules donate their hydrogen and most remain the same. weak electrolyte.

strong base

all oxides and hydroxides of group 1 and 2 are strong bases. when a base completely dissociates in water to yield OH- ions the solution is called alkaline

weak base

most bases are weak.

Strong binary acids

only HCl, HBr, HI are strong binary acids, the rest are weak.

strong oxyacids

ratio of O to H is 2 or greater, for example H2SO4

strong bases

hydroxides of groups 1 and 2, all others are weak.

strong acids have…

a lower pH and higher conductivity

strong bases will have…

a higher pH and higher conductivity

acidic solutions contain…

more H+ than OH-

hydronium ion

H3O+

hydroxide ion

OH-

bronsted lowry acid

H+ donor

bronsted lowry base

H+ acceptor

Lewis acid

electron pair acceptor

Lewis base

electron pair donor

arrhenius acid

H+ producer

arrhenius base

OH- producer

In the bronsted lowry model…

acids donate a hydrogen ion to a water molecule. the water acts as a bse by accepting the hydrogen ion forming the hydronium ion

conjugate acid

the species produced when a base accepts a hydrogen ion

conjugate base

the species that results when an acid donates or loses a hydrogen ion