Final Pathology Review Part 3

What Doppler findings are expected from this exam?

Increased systolic flow reversal on the pulmonary vein tracing

Arrhythmia most commonly seen with MVP

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Pressure half time with TR will be?

Increased

HPV flow with severe TR demonstrates?

Decreased S wave

Tendency of fluid jet to flow adjacent to a convex surface

Coanda effect

Most common cause of TS

Rheumatic fever

What can lead to a false positive diagnosis of MVP?

1. Mild to moderate pericardial effusion

2. Multiple PVCs

3. Off axis imaging

On m-mode, severe MR can lead to?

Premature closure of the AV

Decreased preload with AS causes?

Increases MV deceleration time

Severe MS and AS diagnosed when the valve area falls below?

1 cm

Pectus excavatum most commonly associated with?

MVP

1. Pedal edema

2. Anasarca

3. Hepatomegaly

Severe TR

Pacer wire demonstrated passing through the?

TV to enter the RV

Note the width and length of the jet

Severe TR

Doppler evaluation of mild TR demonstrates?

Parabolic waveform

Doppler evaluation of severe TR demonstrates?

Triangular waveform

Unaffected by isolated moderate MS

LV wall thickness

1. Hemoptysis

2. Orthopnea

3. Dyspnea

4. Rumbling murmur

MS

LA diameter most likely demonstrated with chronic/mild MR

3.8 cm

Rheumatic disease causes abnormal thickening of the?

Tips of valve leaflets

Carcinoid disease causes abnormal thickening of the?

Entire valve leaflet

Chronic/moderate TR causes?

RV volume overload

Complication most commonly seen with balloon mitral valvotomy

New ASD

What can lead to an underestimated MVA using the pressure half time method?

Severe AI and ASD

Murmur associated with TS

Opening snap

Severe TS leads to?

Hepatic congestion

How do you differentiate severe MS from AI on Doppler evaluation?

AI normally has a less intense Doppler signal than MS

LA diameter most suggestive of chronic/severe MR

> 5.0 cm

What will decrease after a mitral commissurotomy with isolated MS?

Pressure half time

Most common finding with carcinoid disease

TR

Murmur associated with MS

Opening snap

Method used to differentiate the Doppler signal from a moderate MR jet from the AV waveform

Duration of flow of the MR jet is longer

Doppler waveform most suggestive of?

MVP

3D of the MV demonstrating?

Flail mitral leaflet

Most common cause of TR

Pulmonary HTN

Leaflet redundancy and myxomatous degeneration are common signs of?

MVP