Lab 2 - Lower Extremity - Pelvis & Thigh

Histology

Hyaline Cartilage

Ground Substance

smooth, empty space; part of matrix

Chrondrocyte

entire cell

Lacuna

lining/surrounding outline of chrondrocyte

Fibrocartilage

Ground Substance

smooth, empty space; part of matrix

Collagen Fibers

parallel arrangement

Chondrocyte/Fibroblast

chondrocyte: entire cell

fibroblast: cell that makes collagen

Cortical Bone

Osteon

closely packed structural units of bone which form concentric rings

Lacuna

surrounds/lines osteocytes

Osteocyte

bone cell

Central (Haversian) Canal

center of osteons; contains veins/arteries/nerves, runs longitudinally

Lamellae

concentric layers of bony matrix

Perforating (Volkmann’s) Canal

microscopic channels that run transversely, connecting Central canals to each other; where blood vessels and nerves enter/exit

Movements

Hip/Femoroacetabular Joint Movements

1. flexion

2. extension

3. abduction

4. adduction

5. medial/internal rotation

6. lateral/external rotation

Knee/Tibiofemoral Joint Movements

1. flexion

2. extension

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)

Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS)

Iliac Crest

Greater Sciatic Notch

Ischial Tuberosity

Ischial Spine

Lesser Sciatic Notch

Acetabulum

Superior Pubic Ramus

Inferior Pubic Ramus

Obturator Foramen

Pubic Tubercle

Pubic Symphyseal Surface

Muscles of Lower Extremity

Pectineus

Adductor Longus

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Magnus

Gracilis

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Intermedius

Vastus Medialis

Tensor Fascia Latae

Iliotibial Band/Tract (IT Band)

Sartorius

Biceps Femoris

• long head (superior)

• short head (inferior)

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Iliacus Muscle

Psoas Major Muscle

Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Gluteus Medius Muscle

Gluteus Minimus Muscle

Piriformis Muscle

Nerves and Vessels

Femoral Nerve

Femoral Artery

Femoral Vein

Great Saphenous Vein

Sciatic Nerve

Surface Anatomy: Pelvic Region

Gluteal Fold

butt sits on and makes a fold (underbutt)

Gluteal Cleft

crack

Ischial Tuberosity

sit bones

Iliac Crest

“hands on hips”

ASIS

“headlights”

PSIS

where back dimples are; taillights

Pubic Symphysis

divided by disk of pubic symphysis, front of pubic region (follow the crest)

Gluteus Maximus Muscle (SA)

largest part of glute

Iliopsoas Tendon

feel ASIS —> dig underneath —> hip flexion to feel

Surface Anatomy: Thigh Region

Quadricep Muscle Groups (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Med., Vastus Lat., Vastus Int.)

Quadriceps Tendon

superior to patella

Biceps Femoris Tendon

Medial Hamstring Tendons (Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus)

Adductor Muscle Group

thigh muscles medial to sartorius

Femoral Artery

anterior, slightly medial location

Popliteal Fossa

Muscle Actions

Hip Adduction (Inner Thigh)

1. Pectineus

2. Adductor Longus

3. Adductor Brevis

4. Adductor Magnus

5. Gracilis

Knee Extension (Quads)

1. Rectus Femoris

2. Vastus Lateralis

3. Vastus Intermedius

4. Vastus Medialis

Hip Abduction

1. Tensor Fascia Latae

2. Iliotibial Band/Tract

3. Gluteus Maximus

4. Gluteus Medius

5. Gluteus Minimus

6. Piriformis

Hip Lateral Movement

1. Sartorius

Hip Extension (Hamstring, Posterior Thigh)

1. Biceps Femoris

2. Semimembranosus

3. Semitendinosus

Hip Flexion

1. Iliacus

2. Psoas Major