Units 4 & 5a

What is pus?

An inflammation product made up of cells (leukocytes), a thin fluid, and cellular debris.

What is Pyoderma?

Any purulent skin disease.

What is an abscess?

A localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissue.

Where do Staph. like to hang out?

Skin, mucous membranes, invade through cuts and lesions.

What do the colonies of Staph look like?

White to cream color, smooth surface, and delta hemolysis.

What are the types of Staph?

Pathogenic Staph and Non-Pathogenic Staph.

Pathogenic Staph are Coagulase and Mannitol __________, and non pathogenic Staph are Coagulase and Mannitol __________.

Positive, Negative

What are the 3 Staph toxins?

Hemolysis, Leukocidin, and Enterotoxin

What are the effects of Hemolysin?

It ruptures erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releases hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid.

What is Leukocidin?

Type of cytotoxic created by some types of bacteria. It gets its name by killing (“-cide”) leukocytes.

What are the effects of Enterotoxin?

It alters the apical membrane permeability of the mucosal (epithelial) cells of the intestinal wall. Causes food poisoning symptoms; diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

What is the role of Coagulase in Staph?

It catalyzes the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen.

What is the role of Hyaluronidase in Staph?

Degrades hyaluronic acid to use as a carbon source.

What is the role of Penicillinase in Staph?

Hydrolyse and inactivate penicillin.

What are 3 characteristics of Staph epidermidis?

Usually non pathogenic, opportunistic invader, and cultured as a contaminent(appears in cultures unintentionally).

What is the main bacteria that causes bovine mastitis?

Staph. aureus.

What are 4 symptoms of contagious mastitis?

Increased pH, Increased somatic cell count, decreased milk production, and clotty, watery, or stringy milk.

What are the 3 forms of contagious mastitis?

Subclinical, Acute, Chronic

What characterizes subclinical bovine mastitis?

It is under the radar with a slight decrease in milk production and increased somatic cell count.

What are symptoms of acute bovine mastitis?

High fever, enlarged hard glands, and decreased milk production.

What treatment options exist for mastitis?

Udder infusion, systemic antibiotics, and prevention techniques like culling chronics.

What stage of the bacteria growth phase are toxins released?

The stationary phase.

What is Botryomycosis?

A rare, chronic granulomatous bacterial infection that affects the skin.

Where on the body is Botryomycosis found?

Mammary glands and Spermatic cord of horses

What animals does Botryomycosis affect?

Goats, pigs, sheep, and cattle

List the 9 diseases that Staph aureus causes

Contagious mastitis, Dermatitis, Botryomycosis, Impetigo, Arthritis, Bumblefoot, Otitis external, and UTI’s

What do you call the disease caused by Staph. aureus characterized by yellow, crusty scabs?

Impetigo.

Where do you see impetigo on animals?

Abdomen, groin, face, and legs.

Is Impetigo zoonotic?

Yes.

Which bacteria can cause Otitis externa?

Staph. aureus and Staph. intermedius.

What are 4 diseases that Staph intermedius causes?

Pyoderma, otitis externa, mastitis, and UTI’s

What is the medical term for Greasy pig disease?

Exudative Epidermitis.

What bacteria is responsible for greasy pig disease?

Staphylococcus hyicus.

What do Strep colonies look like?

Small, hemolytic translucent colonies.

What is the main differentiator of Strep. colonies?

Source of infection, Hemolysis and Lancefield grouping.

Where does Strep like to live?

In moist areas of the body.

Which species causes Pinkeye?

Moraxella bovis.

Which type of hemolysis is associated with pathogenic bacteria?

Beta hemolysis.

Which type of hemolysis is associated with pathogenic or non pathogenic bacteria?

Alpha hemolysis.

Which type of hemolysis is associated with GI inhabitants like enterococci?

Gamma hemolysis.

Which bacteria is the 2nd most common cause of mastitis?

Strep agalactiae.

Which bacteria is responsible for environmental mastitis?

Strep dysgalactiae.

What bacteria causes strangles in horses?

Strep equi.

What bacteria is found in the wounds of horses?

Strep zooepidemicus.

Which Strep bacteria infects pigs?

Strep suis

Which Strep bacteria infects rats and guinea pigs?

Strep pneumoniae.

How is strangles transmitted?

Through purulent discharge, abscesses, contaminated troughs, stalls, grooming equipment, tack, and contact with infected horses.

How do you treat a horse with strangles?

Quarantine and treat abscesses with systemic antibiotics

What are some symptoms of a Strep pneumoniae infection?

Sneezing, nasal discharge, runny eyes, hunched up, and weight loss.

List any two treatment options for Pinkeye.

Topical antibiotics and insect (fly) control.

Is Moraxella bovis Gram positive or negative?

Moraxella bovis is gram negative.

What are the two main families of endospore-forming bacilli?

Bacillus and Clostridial species.

What bacteria causes anthrax?

Bacillus anthracis.

What bacterial disease is associated with the presence of spores centrally in the cell?

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis.

What stain can you use to see bacterial spores?

Malachite green.

What are the three routes of anthrax infection in humans?

Cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalation.

Where do Clostridia bacteria typically reside?

Ischemic muscle or tissue.

Which species are most susceptible to anthrax?

Cattle, sheep, and goats.

Which species are least susceptible to anthrax?

Birds.

What species are relatively resistant to anthrax?

Pigs and carnivores.

Next to cattle, sheep, and goats, what 2 species are susceptible to anthrax?

Horses and humans.

Which bacteria causes a 3rd eyelid prolapse and a “sawhorse stance”?

Clostridium tetani.

Which bacteria causes Shaker foal syndrome?

Clostridium botulinum.

Which bacteria causes a flaccid paralysis?

Clostridium botulinum.

Which Clostridium species affects dogs and poultry?

Perfringens type A.

What bacteria causes Big Head disease?

Clostridium novyi type A.

What bacteria causes Malignant edema and Braxy?

Clostridium septicum.

What bacteria causes Black Leg?

Clostridium chauvoei.

Which Clostridium species is responsible for lamb dysentery?

Perfringens type B.

Which Clostridium species causes Struck in sheep?

Perfringens type C.

Pulpy kidney disease (or Overeating disease) is caused by which perfringens?

Perfringens type D

What bacteria is responsible for Black disease in sheep and cattle?

Clostridium novyi type B.

Red Water Disease is caused by which Clostridium species?

Clostridium hemolyticum/ novyi type D.

What test can you do to identify Clostridia?

Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT)