DCUSH Unit 2 Terms

The Glorious Revolution (1688)

Invasion of William of Orange (Prince) and his wife Mary (daughter of King James II) to overthrow King James. Nobody died; power restored without violence as James fled.

Salutary Neglect

Colonies are mostly allowed to govern themselves (no interference)

English Bill of Rights

Limited monarch’s power and said taxes could only be created/collected by elected representatives (parliament)

Mercantilism

Economic system where mother country controls colonial trade to increase national wealth. Colonies existed only for benefit of mother country; colonies produce raw materials, mother country ships back manufactured goods

Consumer Revolution

American colonists increased their purchase of manufactured goods from Britain. Navigation Acts, exclusive laws between colonies & England, strengthened trade.

Richest colonies

Chesapeake & Carolinas

Colonies that managed trade and supplied food to colonies

Middle Colonies

Poorest colonies; had no cash crops

New England

The (First) Great Awakening

Enlightenment taking place in Europe. New philosophies about individual freedoms and rights. Reject absolute control by church or government; these ideas influence religious leaders.

Old Lights

Traditional; believed God is rational and predictable. Preached good behavior and respect for social authority. Maintain status quo for salvation.

New Lights

Radical; emphasized intense spiritual experiences. Belief in personal relationship with God and that one can only be saved if you chose to be. Question & challenge authority.

Seven Years’ War

AKA French & Indian War; Britain vs France. Both wanted Ohio River Valley since French wanted to connect Canada to Louisiana and British wanted to expand agriculture.

Fort Duquesne

Largest French fort/military fort in North America.

Albany Plan of Union (1754)

Representatives from 7 colonies meet in Albany, NY to try and unite all 13 colonies.Wanted to create a grand council with representatives from all colonies and have Union led by president general. Ultimately failed since no one wanted to give up power

William Pitt

New leader of British Parliament (Prime Minister). Focused the war in the colonies instead of Europe, resulted in successful end of French & Indian War.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

War upsets balance between natives & colonists. Natives see Britain as a threat. Natives in Great Lakes rebel under Chief Pontiac; reject everything European. Extreme violence forces British to ban settlement in native lands

Proclamation of 1763

Created in response to Pontiac’s Rebellion. No colonial settlements past proclamation line (West of Appalachian Mountains). Angered colonists; think it’s taking away their rights

Sugar Act (1764)

Raised tax on imported sugar; helped Barbados planters and led to high sugar prices in colonies.

Currency Act (1764)

Banned paper money and forced colonists to use gold/silver coins. Products became more expensive

Stamp Act (1765)

Tax on all paper products (legal docs, newspapers, playing cards); money generated was used for colonial defense. This act proved Parliament’s power and it already existed in England; colonists paid less than those in England.

Regulars

Mobs

Declaratory Act (1765)

Repealed Stamp Act then enforced this act, declared Parliament had the ultimate political power. Parliaments could tax colonists whenever they wanted since colonists were below the Parliament.

Townshend Acts (1766)

Parliament wants colonial nobility to control poor/lower class. Raise taxes on imported goods; use money to build nobility. Regulators protest and stop enforcement

Boston Massacre (1770)

British soldiers protect the Customs House (tax collection place) in Boston. Colonists attack the soldiers with snowballs. Soldiers open fire and kill 5 colonists. Townshend Acts are repealed after massacre.

Tea Act (1773)

Many colonists bought smuggled Dutch tea to avoid tax. British lower tax on tea to make British tea cheaper; British trying to end smuggling.

Boston Tea Party (1773)

Smugglers mad because they lost business due to Tea Act. Patriot group “Sons of Liberty” destroyed British tea in Boston in protest; 92,000 pounds dumped in Boston Harbor.

Coercive/ Intolerable Acts (1773)

Harsh laws passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for Boston Tea Party

1. Boston Port Act: closed Boston Harbor, not allowed to resume trade until they paid for destroyed tea

2. Massachusetts Gov Act MA is now under direct rule (no more elected assembly), not allowed to govern themselves (no freedom)

3. Impartial Administration of Justice Act: allowed royal officials accused of crimes to stand trial in England, officials could escape justice + their crimes

4. Quartering Act: more troops sent to Boston, required colonists to provide lodging & food for them ( at colonists’ expense)