embalming 2 exam 1 content

Antemortem

before death

Postmortem

after death

Intravascular Discoloration

are still in the vascular system and WILL be removed with arterial embalming

EXTRAVASCULAR discolorations

broke through the vascular system ands is now in the interstitial space, it WILL NOT clear with arterial embalming

Liver Mortis

intravascular discoloration that is a bluish purple color caused by the gravitation of blood into the dependent capillaries

Ecchymosis

extravascular discoloration of the skin caused by the escape of blood into the tissues

Purpura

reddish purple discoloration medium in size

Petechiae

reddish small pinpoint discolorations

Hematoma

a swelling or mass of blood caused by a ruptured blood vessel confined to an organ or space.

Postmortem stain

heme that is released by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the vessel walls and into the tissues

Tardieu spots

petechiae caused by blood settling into tissues, accompanied by liver mortis; often from asphyxia or strangulation

Addison's disease

bronze colored skin

Meningitis

cyanosis, blotchy erythematous rash of the skin, petehcia and purpura

Lupus

chronic skin condition, scaling, red, butterfly rash

1-1.5mg

healthy amount of bilirubin in blood

an acidic environment

what type of environment changes bilirubin to biliverdin

a reducing agent

what type of agent is formaldehyde

reducing agents

release hydrogen and LOWERS PH (more acidic)

preservation

main goal of embalming a jaundice body

a low inex

what index of embalming fluid should be used on a jaundice case

Dehydration

caused by using too much arterial fluid that is too strong with continuous drainage, also on areas where the superficial skin layer is removed

formaldehyde grey

Caused by lack of drainage, not enough blood was removed during the embalming

Leftover heme reacts with HCHO causing a greyish color

Prevented by good drainage, thorough aspiration and elevating the head and shoulders

Flushing

Looks like swelling and cyanosis

Caused by poor drainage and clotting

Fixed by opening other points of drainage and massaging areas

Razor Burn Abrasions

Looks like brownish skin, dehydrated and leathery

Caused by careless aggressive shaving

Fixed by applying massage cream after shaving to help hold in moisture, wax and opaque cosmetics

Post mortem bruising

Looks like ecchymosis with potential swelling, typically rare but can occur if sufficient pressure to the capillaries occur

Caused by careless, aggressive manipulations of tissues or body parts

Prevented by restricted cervical

Fixed by injection of phenol

Formaldehyde Burn

Looks like a raised rash

Causes capillary leakage

Prevented by using restricted cervical, strong fluid, low pressure

Fixed by injection of phenol, surface treatment of gel, cavity fluid, or phenol and applying opaque cosmetics

Decomposition Discoloration

Brought about by actions of bacterial and/or autolytic enzymes

Marbling of veins, green inguinal of abdomen, green moves to entire colon area, then to chest, neck and head, green then turns to blue then back

Fixed by bleaching with external packs of gel, phenol, and cavity fluid, heavy cavity treatment, hypodermic treatment for bleaching and preservation

Skin Lesions

Any pathological or traumatic change in the structure of the skin

Needs to be clean, firm, dry

Desquamation

Separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis as a result of putrefaction; skin slip

first degree burn

surface is red, only epithelium is involved

second degree burn

deep, affects dermal layer, blistering and edema, Bullae

third degree burn

full thickness, black/brown/white/yellow discolorations

Fourth degree burn

very severe, destroyed all skin layers and underlying tissue may reach muscle or bone

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Bright cherry red color

Due to carboxyhemoglobin

Has a LOW VISCOSITY and rarely clots

An ANTEMORTEM INTRAVASCULAR stain that moves to dependent tissues

Can become EXTRAVASCULAR overtime

instant tissue fixation

- injection of a small amount of very strong arterial solution into a specific area of the body (such as the head) at a very high pressure

- an attempt to immediately firm, dry & preserve, specific areas of the body

Wicking method

using a scalpel to create one or several openings in a dependent area of the edematous tissue

Channeling

he trocar is directed into the affected tissues from the cavities to create channels

Fluids drain from the face, scalp, and neck into the thoracic cavities

Use massage techniques to push edematous fluid

May also channel treat around the eyes with a hypodermic needle

Hydrocele

edema in the scrotum; pass trocar over the pubic symphysis and into the scrotum, apply pressure to force out the fluid

Hydropericardium

edema in the pericardial sac

Hydrocephalus

edema in the cranial cavity

Pitting Edema

Condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation.

Solid Edema

moisture is within the cells

Not pitting edema

Will not respond to arterial injection

Usually in the face

Intercellular

between the cells

Intracellular

within the cells