GESOCSCI 4: THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM (copy)

Interstate system

is a concept used within world-systems theory to describe the system of state relationships that arose either as a concomitant process or as a consequence of the development of the capitalist world-system over the course of the "long" 16th century

Interstate system 

holds that all states are defined through their relationship to other states or through participation in the world economy, and that divisions between states help to divide the world into a core, periphery and semi-periphery

Treaty of Westphalia

origin of the present-day concept of sovereignty

Treaty of Westphalia

a set of agreements signed in 1648 to end the Thirty Years War

Treaty of Westphalia

after years of war, the powers designed a system that would avert wars

Treaty of Westphalia

for them to have control over their own affairs and not to meddle in other states' affairs

Treaty of Westphalia

provided stability in Europe until challenged by Napoleon

Thirty Years' War 

was a 17th-century religious conflict fought primarily in central Europe

Thirty Years' War 

It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history

more than 8 million casualties

number of casualties in the thirty years’ war

Napoleon

He wanted to spread the ideals of the French Revolution

liberty, equality, fraternity

ideals of the French Revolution

1. forbade birth privileges

2. encouraged freedom of religion

3. promoted meritocracy in government.

The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) spread the Napoleonic Code:

Napoleonic Code

also called the "French Civil Code of 1804"

Napoleonic Code

defined the concept of equality before the law and also secured the right to property

Napoleonic Code

This code abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues as well as improvement in the transport and communication systems.

Meritocracy

is a political system in which political power is vested in individual people on the basis of talent, effort, and achievement, rather than wealth or social class

Anglo and Prussian armies

defeated Napoleon in Waterloo

Concert of Europe

was established to restore monarchical, hereditary and religious privileges; restore state sovereignty

United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia and Russia

Countries under the Concert of Europe

Monarchy

is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication

Metternich System

was a series of meetings among the more powerful European nations between the Napoleonic War and World War I

Metternich System

its objective was to resolve disputes between European nations.

Vienna Congress

a summit meeting in Vienna in 1814

Klemens von Metternich

Under the architecture of this person, a series of Congress meetings were held among the greater European powers in an attempt to maintain European peace

United Nations

has its basis on the Westphalian and Concert models

Westphalian and Concert systems

divided the world into separate sovereign entities

Internationalism

nations imagined a system that would heighten interaction, cooperation and unity among nations

Internationalism

is a political principle that advocates greater political or economic cooperation among states and nations.

Immanuel Kant

was the first major thinker of international liberalism

Immanuel Kant

He likened states to people living in a territory, with a government to prevent lawlessness

Immanuel Kant

without a government, the world would be in chaos

Immanuel Kant

States must give up their some of freedoms and “establish a continuously growing state consisting of nations that would ultimately include all nations of the world;

Jeremy Bentham

coined the term international, 1780

Jeremy Bentham

advocated the creation of International Law that would govern interstate relations

Jeremy Bentham

He believed that legislators should make laws that would create “the greatest happiness of all nations taken together;”

Giuseppe Mazzini

was the first thinker to reconcile nationalism with international liberalism

Giuseppe Mazzini

advocated of unification of  Italian-speaking states and a critic of the Metternich system

Giuseppe Mazzini

He believed in republican governments and proposed a system of free nations that cooperated with each other to create an international system

Giuseppe Mazzini

For him, free and independent states would be the basis of an equally free, cooperative international system

Giuseppe Mazzini

He influenced US President Woodrow Wilson

Nationalism

ideology based on the premise that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests

US President Woodrow Wilson

the century's most prominent internationalist

US President Woodrow Wilson

saw nationalism as a prerequisite to internationalism

US President Woodrow Wilson

He forwarded the principle of self-determination

US President Woodrow Wilson

He hoped that these free nations would become democracies, only by being such would they be able to build a free system of international relations based on international law and cooperation

US President Woodrow Wilson

He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for advocating the creation of the League of Nations

Republican system

a government composed of elected representatives of the people rather than government by a king or queen

res publica

meaning 'public affair'

Self-determination

the belief that the world's nations have the right to be free

League of Nations

a venue for conciliation and arbitration to prevent another war

League of Nations

collapsed due to opposition in the US Senate

League of Nations

it failed to prevent World War II

League of Nations

provided blueprint for future forms of international cooperation