Legal and Ethical Use of Media and Information

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering Intellectual Property, Copyright, Patents, Trademarks, Fair Use, and Creative Commons based on Media and Information Literacy lecture notes.

Piracy

The unauthorized reproduction or use of a copyrighted book, recording, television program, patented invention, trademarked product, etc.

Intellectual Property (IP)

Creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

The global forum for intellectual property services, policy, information and cooperation.

Copyright

A legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works.

Infringement

The unauthorized use or violation of someone else's intellectual property rights.

Direct Copyright Infringement

Unauthorized copying, reproduction, or distribution of copyrighted material.

Contributory Copyright Infringement

Assisting or encouraging another person to infringe on copyright.

Vicarious Copyright Infringement

Occurs when someone has the right and ability to control an infringer's actions and receives a direct financial benefit from the infringement.

Direct Patent Infringement

Making, using, selling, or importing a patented invention without permission.

Direct Trademark Infringement

Unauthorized use of a trademark that is identical or confusingly similar to a registered trademark.

Trademark Dilution

Use of a famous trademark in a way that diminishes its distinctiveness.

Trade Secret Misappropriation

Acquisition, use, or disclosure of trade secrets without consent, typically through improper means.

Composition Copyright (©)

Protects the actual song itself—the lyrics, melody, chords, and musical arrangement—and is owned by songwriters and their music publishers.

Sound Recording Copyright (℗)

Protects the specific master recording (the actual vibration of sound waves captured on a track, performance, and production), owned by the record label or independent performing artist.

Republic Act 8293

The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines.

Invention

Something that has never been made before, or the process of creating something that has never been made before; a new device, method, or process developed from study and experimentation.

Patent

An exclusive right granted for an invention, providing the patent owner with the right to decide how or whether the invention can be used by others.

Trademark

A sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises.

TM (Trademark Symbol)

Indicates that a word, phrase, or logo is being claimed as a trademark, but is not yet officially registered with a government intellectual property office.

® (Registered Trademark Symbol)

Symbol that can only be used after a trademark has been officially registered with the appropriate government authority.

Arbitrary Trademarks

Common words used in a way that doesn't describe the product or service they represent.

Fanciful Trademarks

Completely invented or coined words with no prior meaning.

Suggestive Trademarks

Trademarks that indicate a characteristic or quality of the product without directly describing it.

Descriptive Trademarks

Trademarks that describe a feature or quality of the product or service.

Industrial Design

Constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article, which may consist of 3D features (shape or surface) or 2D features (patterns, lines, or color).

Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin

Signs used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, a reputation, or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that place of origin.

Fair Use

A legal rule that allows the use of copyrighted material without a license only for certain purposes, including commentary, criticism, reporting, research, and teaching.

Creative Commons

An American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share.

Creative Commons Attribution

A licensing condition that requires users to credit the original creator.

Creative Commons Non-Commercial

A licensing condition specifying that users cannot make a profit from the work.

Creative Commons No Derivative Works

A licensing condition stating that users cannot change or alter the original content.

Creative Commons Share Alike

A licensing condition allowing users to change the content, provided they share the new work under the same license as the original.