Period 4 APUSH

Time Period of Unit 4

1800-1848, starting with the election of Thomas Jefferson and ending with the Seneca Falls Convention.

Embargo Act of 1807

A U.S. law intended to maintain neutrality in European conflicts, but it led to severe economic backlash and ultimately failed.

Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

Replaced the Embargo Act, allowing trade with all countries except Britain and France, though it was perceived as insufficient.

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

A treaty in which the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain and defined its western borders.

War of 1812

A conflict primarily caused by tensions over the impressment of American sailors; resulted in a stalemate but boosted national pride and sovereignty.

Era of Good Feelings

A period of flourishing nationalism and one-party dominance (Democratic-Republicans) following the War of 1812.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

A U.S. foreign policy declaration that asserted the Western Hemisphere was under U.S. influence and discouraged further European intervention.

Market Revolution

A significant economic transition in the U.S. from agrarian subsistence to an industrial commercial economy, shifting from self-reliance to market reliance.

Causes of the Market Revolution

The rise of factories (Samuel Slater, Eli Whitney), technological innovations (steam engines, telegraphs, farm machinery like McCormick's reaper), and vast infrastructure improvements (Cumberland Road, Erie Canal, railroads).

Samuel Slater

Established the first textile factory in the U.S., a key figure in the rise of factories during the Market Revolution.

Eli Whitney

Introduced interchangeable parts, significantly enhancing manufacturing efficiency during the Market Revolution.

Election of Thomas Jefferson (1800)

Marked the first peaceful transfer of power between rival political factions in U.S. history.

Marbury v. Madison

A Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, enhancing judicial authority.

McCulloch v. Maryland

A Supreme Court case that affirmed the implied powers of the federal government under the 'necessary and proper' clause and the supremacy of federal law.

Universal White Male Suffrage Movement

A political and economic movement, partly fueled by the Panic of 1819, that led to the gradual reduction of property qualifications for voting for white males.

Democrats (Jacksonian Era)

A political faction led by Andrew Jackson that favored more federal power when deemed beneficial, emerging from the split of Democratic-Republicans.

National Republicans (Jacksonian Era)

A political faction led by Henry Clay that advocated for a more restrained federal approach but promoted economy-boosting policies.

Separate Spheres Ideology

A middle-class gender role development where men worked outside the home and women were primarily responsible for the home and family.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement emphasizing individualism, self-reliance, and nature over established rational thought, contributing to a distinct American culture.

Second Great Awakening

A massive religious revival that contributed significantly to various social reform efforts, including temperance, education, and women’s rights.

Seneca Falls Convention

Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, this convention advocated for women's equality, including the right to vote, marking the formal beginning of the women's rights movement.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement that established a contentious balance between free and slave states, contributing to deepening sectional tensions, particularly over the issue of slavery.