Incorrect Bio

In contrast to a prokaryotic organiism which of the following is unique to eukaryotic gene expression

Polyadenylation of RNA

What do eukaryotes perform to DNA that prokaryotes don’t

Post-transcription al modifications

Stimulation of spermatogenesis would be most affected if which of the following hormones was unavailable

FSH

FSH targets

Sertoli cells in males and ovarian follicles and estrogen in women

Which of the following spincters if damaged would disrupt the passage of digested material between small and large intestines

Illocecal valve

Spincter of Oddi regulates

Bile and pancreatic digestive enzymes entering the duodenum

Valves of the digestive system in order

Lower esophageal sphincter, pyloric sphincter, ileocecal valve

Fatty acid tails

touch

Pepsinogen is a … secreted by … and activates by …

zymogen/proenzyme secreted by chief cells in mucosal layer of stomach and is cleavaged to pepsin

HCl is secreted by … and does

Parietal cells in stomach lumen and cleaves pepsinogen

Production of new skin cells is in the

stratum germinativum/basale

Layer of epidermis that provides strength and flexibility and immune response

Stratum spinosum (spiny)

What layer of epidermis is only in feet and hands

Stratum lucidum

Where do skin cells start to die

Stratum granulosum

Dolphins and marine fish both have fins and are distinct lineages of animals

Analogous and convergent

No common ancestor but similar enviromental pressures

analogous

Becoming more alike over time without common ancestor

convergent

Having common ancestor and become more different over time

Divergent

What structure must be formed for crossing over of chromosomes to occur

Tetrads, tightly align

Primary structure of proteins

Nucleotide sequences of mRNA

Hydrogen bonds are in which structure of oproteins

Secondary and tertiary

Alpha helices and beta sheets held together by

hydrogen bonds

Tertiary structure of proteins held by

disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and interactions between amino acids

Why is the long digestive tract important for herbivores

Increased surface area to house the digestive enzymes that break down cellulose

What hormone is dected in pregnacy test

hCG

What stimulates endometrial tissue to thicken with nutrient rich blood

Progestrone and estrogen

What triggers the secretion of hCG

Implantation of embryo triggers placenta

Corpus luteum secretes

Prosterone and estrogen

HGH secreted by

Anterior pituitary gland

Induction is

group of cells directing development of another group of cells

Pyruvate oxidation occurs in

Matrix

Citric acid cycle occurs in

matrix

ETC occurs in

inner membrane

Oxidative phosphoylation occurs in

Inner mitochondial membrane

Glycolysis yields

2 pyruvate, 2 atp, and 2 NADH

ETC yields

36 ATP

Which phylum has radical symmetry

Echinodermata and cnidaria

What animal phylum doesn’t have symmetry

porifera

Development of oocyte is arrested in

prophase 1 of meiosis

A premature baby not producing surfactant will experience

collaped alveoli

Surfactant

coats inner surface of alveoli and reduces surface tension (phospholipid rich)

Primary purpose of the acrosome in the head of the sperm is to

digest the zona pellicida

Fast block to polyspermy causes

influx of NA+ and depolarization repelling sperm

Rods in eyes contribute to

night and dim light vision

Cones in eyes responsible for

color vision and seeing sharp objects

Krebs cycle yields

1 atp, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2

All chordates possess … at some point of their lives

Dorsal hollow nerve cords, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and muscular postanal tails

LH is stimulated by

estrogen

LH causes

ovulation

Adrenal cortex secretes

steroid hormones like cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone

Cortical rxn functions by

making impenetrable fertilization membrane

Cortical rxn is

Ca releasing furing slow block

What is categorized by bilateral symmetry, body segmentation, and multiple pairs of jointed appendages

Anthropoda

Stages of pre-embroynic development

Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastocyte, implantation

Morula is made of

Totipotent cells

Gel electrophoresis

separates DNA molecules made by restrictive enzymes

Beta-oxidation occurs

mitochondria

Thyroxine (T4)

Increases rate of metabolism

Aldosterone

increases bp by allowing for reabsorption of Na in nephon cells

Oxytocin

contractions and milk ejection

Pinocytosis

Cellular intake of dissolved solutes

Ectoderm forms

epidermis, neurons, pigment cells

Parathyroid hormone

increases blood calcium

Yolk sac in humans

makes first red blood cells

Fitness

“#“ of fertile offspring that reach reproductive age

Telencephalon gives rise to

cerebrum

Dilencephalon gives rise to

hypothalamus, thalamus, and pineal gland

Cerebrum

coordinates movement and body temperature

Mesencephalon gives rise to

midbrain and part of brainstem

Metencephalon gives rise to

pons and cerebellum

myelencephalon gives rise to

medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata

regulates breathing, heart rate, and gastrointestinal activity

Cerebellum

balance, hand-eye coordination, timing of rapid movements, and motor skills

Female structures of plants

pistil (ovary, style, stigma)

Male structures of plants

stamen (anther, filament)

Labile cells

continuously grow and divide

Pacemaker of the heart

Sinoatrial node

Chymotrypsin

cleaves peptide bonds

What neutralizes the acidity of chyme

secretin

What stimulates HCl release

gastrin

Anterior pituitary hormones

FLAT PiG

FLAT PiG

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, and Growth hormone