MCAT: General Chemistry Chapter 1 (KAPLAN) Flashcards | Quizlet

What is the charge and approximate mass of a proton?

The charge is $+1\,e$ and the mass is approximately $1\,amu$.

What does the atomic number ($Z$) represent?

The number of protons found in an atom of a specific element.

How is the mass number ($A$) of an atom calculated?

The sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus.

What are isotopes?

Atoms that share the same atomic number but possess different mass numbers due to a different number of neutrons.

How does atomic weight differ from atomic mass?

Atomic mass is nearly equal to the mass number, while atomic weight is the constant, weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes.

What is the value of Avogadro's number?

The number of entities in a mole, which is $6.022 \times 10^{23}\,mol^{-1}$.

What is Planck's relation for the energy of a quantum?

$E = h f$, where $h$ is Planck's constant and $f$ is the frequency of radiation.

What is the value of Planck's constant ($h$)?

$$6.626 \times 10^{-34}\,J \cdot s$$

What is the equation for Bohr's angular momentum of an electron orbiting a hydrogen nucleus?

$$L = \frac{n h}{2 \pi}$$

According to the Bohr model, what is the energy of an electron at a specific principal quantum number?

$$E = -\frac{R_H}{n^2}$$

What is the relation for the energy of a photon emitted during an electron transition?

$$E = \frac{h c}{\lambda}$$

What identifies the Lyman series of hydrogen emission lines?

The group of emission lines corresponding to transitions from energy levels $n \ge 2$ to $n = 1$.

What identifies the Balmer series of hydrogen emission lines?

The group of emission lines corresponding to transitions from energy levels $n \ge 3$ to $n = 2$.

What identifies the Paschen series of hydrogen emission lines?

The group of emission lines corresponding to transitions from energy levels $n \ge 4$ to $n = 3$.

What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?

It is impossible to simultaneously determine, with perfect accuracy, the momentum and the position of an electron.

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

No two electrons in a given atom can possess the same set of four quantum numbers.

What does the principal quantum number ($n$) represent?

The main energy level or shell of the electron.

What is the maximum number of electrons allowed within a single shell $n$?

$$2 n^2$$

What does the azimuthal quantum number ($l$) describe?

The shape and number of subshells within a given principal energy level.

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held within a subshell?

$$4 l + 2$$

Which subshell letters correspond to azimuthal quantum numbers $0, 1, 2,$ and $3$?

$s, p, d,$ and $f$

What does the magnetic quantum number ($m_l$) specify?

The particular orbital within a subshell where an electron is most likely to be found at a given moment.

What are the possible values for the spin quantum number ($m_s$)?

$+\frac{1}{2}$ and $-\frac{1}{2}$

What is Hund's rule regarding orbital filling?

Within a given subshell, orbitals are filled such that there are a maximum number of half-filled orbitals with parallel spins.

What is the difference between paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials?

Paramagnetic materials have unpaired electrons that align with magnetic fields (attraction), while diamagnetic materials have only paired electrons (repulsion).