3.2 managers leaders and decison making

Leadership functions

Inspiring

Energising

Empowering

Manager functions

Train staff

Communicate

Improve work ethic

3 tasks a manager may do

Train staff

Communicate

Organise

Transactional

To base your interactions on a system of exchanges

Transformational

Any activity or group of activities that takes one or more inputs, transforms and adds value to them, and provides outputs for customers or clients

3 Internal factors that influence the style of leadership

Experience of the work force

Skills required

Personal traits of leaders

3 external factors that influence the style of leadership

The social environment

The economic environment

The technological environment

Authoritarian leadership

The left side of the tannenbaum schmidt continuum where the manager holds complete control over employees

Paternalistic leadership

The manager acts as a ‘father figure’ and takes care of their employees needs and making decisions for their own good

Laissez-faire leadership

A ‘hands-off’ leadership style providing minimal direction and allow subordinates significant autonomy to make their own decisions

Democratic leadership

On the far right side of the tannenbaum schmidt continuum where managers and employees work together to make their own decisions

2 positives of democratic leadership

Higher employee engagement

Higher creativity as they are involved in decision making

2 negatives of democratic leadership

Slow and inefficient process

Diffused accountability

2 positives of laissez-faire leadership

Encourages personal growth

Encourages innovation

2 negatives of laissez-faire leadership

Lack of clear direction

Role ambiguity

2 positives of autocratic leadership

Productivity can improve

Decisions can be made quickly

2 negatives of autocratic leadership

Lack of diverse perspectives

Employees may feel undervalued

2 positives of paternalistic leadership style

Increased employee loyalty

Increased job satisfaction

2 negatives of paternalistic leadership

Lack of employee autonomy

Restrictive

What was the tannenbaum schmidt continuum

this shows the idea of how the authority of the manager contrasts with the freedom of subordinates

5 features of the tannenbaum schmidt continuum

Tells

Sells

Consults

Suggests

Delegate

1 example of scientific decision making

Decision trees

3 examples of stakeholders

Customers

Employees

Shareholders

Suppliers

2 axis of stakeholder mapping

Level of interest

Level of power

2 benefits of scientific decision making

Using quantifiable data

Carefully making decisions

2 negatives of scientific decision making

Time consuming

Over reliance

2 positives of intuitive decision making

Speed

Innovation

2 drawbacks of intuitive decision making

Difficult to justify

Prone to bias

Equation for expected gain

Financial result x probability

Equation for net gain

Expected value - cost

2 benefits of decision trees

Provide a visual, structured framework for making decisions

Help managers compare different options side by side

2 drawbacks of decision trees

Time consuming to construct

Based on estimates of probabilities and estimates

What does the square node mean in decision trees

Decision node

What does the circle node mean in decision trees

Chance node

Decision trees

A simple and visual way of presenting the alternative course of action available when making a decision

Opportunity cost

The next best alternative

Difference between management and leadership

Management set objectives for employees to complete and leadership motivates employees for long term tasks to be achieved