Science test prep

Mixture

Two or more substances jumbled together but not joined to each other.

Filtration

A technique used to separate small particles of solid from a liquid.

Filtrate

The liquid that passes through the filter paper because the particles are even smaller than the filter holes.

Residue

The solid particles that are too large to pass the filter holes.

Soluble

Something that can be dissolved in the substance.

Insoluble

Something that can not dissolve in a substance.

Solution

When a substance has dissolved in a liquid.

Dissolve

When a substance breaks up so much that it can no longer be seen.

Solute

A substance which would dissolve in a substance.

Solvent

The liquid that the solute dissolves in.

Evaporation

When a liquid turns into a gas at the surface of a liquid.

Boiling

Where a liquid changes state from a liquid to a gas

Chromatography

A method use to separate substances that are dissolved in a mixture.

Distillation

A technique used to separate a liquid from a mixture.

Condensation

When a gas cools down and changes back to a liquid.

Desalination

The process of removing salt from water.

What are the rules for drawing a circuit?

Wires should be straight , It should be drawn as rectangles and have no gaps

What store of energy are cells?

Chemical energy

What is the difference between a cell and a battery?

A battery has more than one cell.

What do you use to measure volts?

Voltmeter

Current

The flow of charges around a circuit.

What three things does a circuit must have for the current to flow?

A power source , a component that uses energy and no gaps.

What unit is current measured in?

Amps

What do you use to measure the current?

Ammeter

How does the current leaving a cell compare to the current entering a cell?

It is the same.

Resistance

How hard it is for current to flow through a component

What materials have low resistance?

Conductors have low resistance.

What materials have high resistance?

Insulators have high resistance.

Sexual reproduction

Reproduction between two individuals to produce a new organism.

Male sex cell

Sperm cell

Female sex cell

Egg cell

Fertilisation

When two gametes fuse together

What happens during fertilisation?

A sperm cell enters an egg cell and the two nuclei fuse to form a single fertilised egg cell.

Internal fertilisation

Male places sperm cells inside the female.

External fertilisation

Fertilisation happens outside the bodies of animals

What changes during puberty for males?

Their voices go lower , public hair grows , muscles grow more.

What changes in puberty for females ?

Hips widen , breasts develop , periods begin.

Parts of the male reproductive system

Sperm duct , urethra , scrotum , prostate gland , penis ,testes

Parts of the female reproductive system

Uterus , oviduct , ovary , cervix , uterus lining , vagina

How is a sperm cell adapted to its function?

Has a tail , streamlined shape to help it move, head contains a substance that breaks down the egg coat to allow the sperm to dig into the egg cell.

What path doe the egg cell take?

From the ovaries to the oviduct

Sexual intercourse

When a male places a sperm cell inside a female

What path does the sperm take?

Vagina to the uterus and the oviduct

Embyro

Divided egg cells that develop into a baby

Implantation

When the embyro sinks into the soft lining of the uterus

Gestation Period

The length of time between fertilisation and birth

Placenta

Where substances from the mother’s blood move into the foetus’s blood

Umbilical cord

Where the blood is carried into the baby

How is a newborn baby looked after?

Fed on milk by their mom’s mammary glands in her breasts

Menstural cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurring process in the female reproductive system that prepares the body for possible pregnancy.

Menstruation

Period

Ovulation

The release of an egg cell from the ovary on day 14 of the menstual cycle