Geography - First Year Christmas Exam

Physical Features

Rivers, Mountains, Lakes and sea

What are the earth’s layers?

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

How much does the mantle makeup of earth’s structure?

85%

Deepness of crust to inner core

6371km

Plate tectonics

Plate movement

Convergent

Colliding

other way to say convergent

Colliding

Divergent

seperating

other way to say divergent

Seperating

Transform

slide past

other way to say transform

Passive

Sea floor spreading

New crust is formed in the ocean floor and creates plate tectonics

the anticline

An upward folding mountain

Convection

the type of current responsible for the movement of crustal plates

Focus

the point deep within the Earth where the rupture first begins and seismic energy is released.

Shockwaves

Sudden, intense vibrations that spread out from the point where rocks fracture underground

Seismologists

Scientists who study earthquakes

Epicenter

The point on the earth’s surface above the focus

Pyroclastic material

Rock, ash, gases etc.

Moment Magnitude Scale

Records the earthquake strength

Modified Mercalli Scale

Resends the effect (visible) of the earthquakes

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Between the south american and african plates

Developing Countries

Poor countries

Developed

Rich countries

Mass Movement

Movement of soil, rock, snow and water

Lahar

Boiling mudflow created by water/ice and volcanic activity

Alpine Folding Period

30-35 million years ago

Armorican Folding Period

250 million years ago

Caledonian Folding Period

Occured 400 million years ago

Strata

Formed layers of dead plants and animals

Permeable

A rock in which water can pass through

Soluble

Can dissolve

Tsunami

A tidal wave that’s triggered when occur under the sea

Earthquakes are created in ___

All plate boundaries

The origin of the earthquake

Epicenter

What parts are in the volcano?

Magma chamber, crater, vent ash cloud, side vents

Seismograph

used to measure the vibrations of earthquakes

San Andreas

Located in NA

Aftershocks

Occur after the main earthquake

Active volcano

Erupts often

Richter Scale

used to measure the earthquake’s strength

Dormant Volcano

Hasn’t erupted in a long time but will erupt again

Extinct Volcano

Will not erupt again

Igneous Rocks

Form from cooled molten volcanic material

Volcanologists

Scientists who study volcanoes

Lava

When hot volcanic earth reaches the earth’s surface

Syncline

The downward of a fold mountain

Sedimentary Rock

Formed when rocks fall into the ocean and get compacted over millions of years with dirt