Exam 2 Misc Questions (Bones, Muscles, Etc)

What is the bone marking for any projection or bump?

Process

What is the bone marking for an extension of a bone making an angle with the rest of the structure?

Ramus

What is the bone marking for a large, rough projection?

Trochanter

What is the bone marking for a medium, rough projection?

Tuberosity

What is the bone marking for a small, rough projection?

Tubercle

What is the bone marking for a prominent ridge?

Crest

What is the bone marking for a low ridge?

Line

What is the bone marking for a pointed or narrow process?

Spine

What is the bone marking for the expanded articular end of an epiphysis separated from the shaft by a neck?

Head

What is the bone marking for a narrow connection between the epiphysis and the diaphysis?

Neck

What is the bone marking for a smooth, rounded articular process?

Condyle

What is the bone marking for a smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley?

Trochlea

What is the bone marking for a small, flat, articular surface?

Facet

What is the bone marking for a shallow depression?

Fossa

What is the bone marking for a narrow groove?

Sulcus

What is the bone marking for a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves?

Foramen

What is the bone marking for a duct or channel?

Canal

What is the bone marking for an elongated cleft or slit?

Fissure

What is the bone marking for a chamber within a bone, usually filled with air?

Sinus

A ____ is a rigid, immovable joint between two bones

suture

How many total facial bones are there?

14

What is the term for inflamed sinus lining?

Sinusitis

____ are used to treat sinusitis

Decongestants

How many bones does the adult vertebral column contain?

26

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

How many vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum?

5

The ____ curve forms when baby holds its head erect

cervical

The ____ curve forms fetally and retains curve

thoracic

The ____ curve forms upon walking

lumbar

In the vertebral prominens (C7), which elastic ligament extends from the spinous process cranially to the occipital crest?

Nuchal

The scapula articulates at the round head of the humerus to form the ____ joint

glenohumoral

The scapula articulates with the clavicle to form the ____ joint

acromioclavicular

The clavicle articulates medially with the ____ ____ 

sternal manubrium

How many carpal bones are there?

8

How many metacarpal bones are there?

5

How many phalanges are there?

14

The head of the humerus articulates at the ____ ____ of the scapula

glenoid cavity

The trochlea is medial of the humerus and articulates with the ____

ulna

The capitulum is lateral of the humerus and articulates with the ____

radius

Antebrachial ____ ____ connects radial and ulnar shafts

interosseous memebrane

Sesamoid bones develop in ____

tendons

How many tarsal bones are there?

7

____ are immovable joints

Synarthroses

____ are slightly movable joints

Amphiarthroses

____ are freely movable synovial joints

Diarthroses

The intercarpal joints are an example of what type of synovial joint?

Gliding

The humeroulnar joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?

Hinge

The atlantoaxial joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?

Pivot

The metacarpophalangeal joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?

Condylar

The glenohumeral joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?

Ball and socket

The metacarpotrapezial joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?

Saddle

What type of movement describes moving away from the body?

Abduction

What type of movement describes moving toward the body?

Adduction

What type of movement describes decreasing the angle between the bones at a joint?

Flexion

What type of movement describes increase the angle between bones at a joint?

Extension

What movement is described by extending beyond normal limits?

Hyperextension

What type of movement describes making a circular motion?

Circumduction

The hand rotated so the palm faces posterior or even downward is in what position?

Prone

The hand in the anatomical position is in what position?

Supine

Skeletal muscle is surrounded by what layer?

Epimysium

Muscle fascicle is surrounded by what layer?

Perimysium

Muscle fiber is surrounded by what layer?

Endomysium

What surrounds myofibril?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

What type of cells repair damaged muscle tissue?

Myosatellite

What are thick, flattened sheets that connect muscles to another muscle?

Aponeuroses

What is the membrane that surrounds muscle cells?

Sarcolemma

What are sarcolemma extensions that conduct electrical impulses?

T-tubules

What are contractile protein complexes made of thick and thin filaments called?

Myofibrils

Myofibrils are made of what?

Myofilaments

Thin and thick filaments arranged in repeating units called what?

Sarcomeres

What covers active sites on actin during relaxation?

Tropomyosin

What moves tropomyosin out of the way, allowing muscle fibers to contract?

Troponin

A ____ ____ contains a motor neuron and myofibrils

motor unit

What is the term for net enlargement of the stimulated muscle?

Hypertrophy

What is the term for decreased muscle size, usually due to disuse of a muscle?

Atrophy

Fast glycolytic fibers use ____ metabolism

anaerobic

Slow oxidative fibers use ____ metabolism

aerobic

Slow oxidative fibers are red because they contain the red pigment ____

myoglobin

Biceps brachii and rectus abdominis are examples of ____ muscle fibers

parallel

Pectoralis major is an example of ____ muscle fibers

convergent

Extensor digitorum is an example of a ____ muscle fiber

unipennate

Rectus femoris is an example of ____ muscle fibers

bipennate

Deltoid is an example of ____ muscle fibers

multipennate

Orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi are examples of ____ muscle fibers

circular

____ are chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement

Agonists

____ assist the agonist in performing an action

Synergists

____ are muscles whose actions oppose that of the agonist

Antagonists

Tilting the head forward and backward on the atlantooccipital joint is an example of a ____-class lever

first

Standing on tiptoes is an example of a ____-class lever

second

Flexing lower arm is an example of a ____-class lever

third

____ is a broad term for joint pain & inflammation

Arthritis

____ results overuse of joint with weak muscles

Osteoarthritis

____ arthritis is autoimmune attack on joint

Rheumatoid

Which extraocular muscle rotates the eye laterally?

Lateral rectus

Which extraocular muscle rotates the eye medially?

Medial rectus

Which extraocular muscle rotates the eye upward?

Superior rectus

Which extraocular muscle rotates the eye downward?

Inferior rectus

Which extraocular muscle rotates the eye downward and laterally?

Superior oblique