PSYCH 140 - Module 1 Study Guide

Lifespan Development

Study of growth/change from conception to death

Nature vs. Nurture

Genetic vs. environmental influence

Continuity vs. Discontinuity

Gradual vs. stage-based development

Multidimensional

Involves biological, cognitive, emotional, social, and moral development

Multidirectional

Gains and losses happen simultaneously

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky’s idea of learning potential with guidance

Attachment

Emotional Bond (Ethological Theory)

What are Bronfenbrenner’s layers of influence?

Microsystem

Mesosystem

Exosystem

Macrosystem

Chronosystem

What are the eight major perspectives in developmental psychology?

1. Freud’s Psychosexual Theory

2. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

3. Behaviorism (Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura)

4. Cognitive Theory (Piaget)

5. Information-Processing Theory

6. Ethological Theory

7. Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky)

8. Ecological Systems Theory (Brofenbrenner)

What is Freud’s Psychosexual Theory?

Development driven by unconscious conflicts

What is Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory?

Lifespan approach focusing on identity and social relationships?

What is Behaviorism?

Learning via classical and operant conditioning, and modeling

What is Cognitive Theory?

Development through four stages of cognitive growth

What is Information-Processing Theory?

Brain as processor of information, emphasizing attention and memory

What is Ethological Theory

Behavior influenced by biology and evolutionary history (e.g. attachment)

What is Sociocultural Theory?

Cognitive growth through social interaction and culture

What is Ecological Systems Theory?

Multiple environmental systems influence development