Psych

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Wilhelm Wundt

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1

Wilhelm Wundt

German physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened the first psychology research laboratory in 1879

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2

Edward Bradford Titchener

Student of Wilhelm Wundt; founder of Structuralist school of psychology.

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3

William James

Student of Wilhelm Wundt; father of functionalism

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4

Mary Whiton Calkins

first female president of the APA; a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her gender, a pioneering memory researcher

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5

Margaret Floy Washburn

first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology

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6

Jhon B. Watson

-Behaviorist
- thought introspection was unscientific
-Observed stimuli and response, little Albert

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7

B.F. Skinner

rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior

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8

Sigmund Freud

Famous controversial personality theorist and therapist have greatly influenced humanities self-understanding

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9

Charles Darwin

Argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies

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10

Structuralism

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

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11

Functionalism

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

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12

Behaviorism

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).

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13

humanistic psychology

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth

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14

cognitive neuroscience

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

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15

evolutionary psychology

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

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16

behavior genetics

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

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17

positive psychology

the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

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18

levels of analysis

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

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19

biopsychosocial approach

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

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20

applied research

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

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21

counseling psychology

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

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22

clinical psychology

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

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23

psychiatry

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

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24

community psychology

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

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25

intuition

an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

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26

hindsight bias

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

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27

critical thinking

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

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