PSYCH/SOC Mistakes

Passage A

passage A

Passage A

nswer B

process by which social status, wealth, and inequality are passed from one gneration to the next

social reproduction

policies or pratices within institutions that systematically disadvantage certaing roups

institutional discrimination

division of society into different social classes or groups based on factors like wealth, education, occupation and social status.

social stratitfication

beleifs and behaviros should be udnerstood within context of a culture

cultural relativism.

tendency to favor information that confirms existing beleifs, btoh in the search for evidenc eand in the interpretation of evidence.

confirmation bias

norms and rituals is an example of what factors that have the greatest impact on patien’ts relationships with their doctors? (a theory)

focusing on norms and rituals would be more aligned with symbolic interactionism (a theory that examines patterns and meanings of social interaction

Power and status is an example of what factors that have the greatest impact on patien’ts relationships with their doctors? (a theory)

The conflict theory perspective calls attention to differences across social groups in power and status. The theory focuses on such structural differences among groups to explain how individuals, such as patients and doctors, relate to one another.

refers to a lack of attachment to social norms, which can result in a breakdown in the connection between individuals and their community.

An individual feels disconnected from the larger community.

anomie

which theory of intelligence is this?

Everyone has one overall intelligence, called the g factor (general intelligence).

This single intelligence influences performance on all mental tasks.

spearman’s idea of general intelligence

There is not just one intelligence.

Instead, people have multiple independent intelligences, meaning someone can excel in one area but not another.

(which intelligence thoery)?

Gardner’s idea of 8 intelligences

Which theory of intelligence?

Intelligence is mostly inherited.

believed highly intelligent parents would have highly intelligent children.

He emphasized nature over nurture.

Galton’s idea of hereditary genius

type of motivation

A behavior is motivated by external rewards or consequences.

extrinsic (external) motivation

type of motivation

A behavior is motivated because the person enjoys or values the activity itself.

intrinsic internal motivation

extrinsic action is correct——>Reward (play time)

answer C

kohlberg’s stages

rewards and punishments motivates behavior at what level kohlberg’s stage of moral devleopment?

(I won’t hit because ill get in trouble)

preconventional

social rules and approval motivates what stage of kohlberg’s moral development

I shouldn't hit because it's against the law

conventional

ethical principles motivates what moral development (Kohlberg)

wiolence is wrong , violates human rights

postconventional

answer B

1. The participants (pre-adolescents) are in Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral development. In this stage, moral reasoning is determined by what is rewarded and what is punished.

Answer A

James Lange Theory

stimulus—→ physiological reponse——> emotion

common sense theory

stimulus—→ emotion—→ physiological arousal

Object permanence is in what piaget’s stage

sensorimtor age 0-2

what stage of piaget

-Language developments rapidly

-Egocentrism

-Centration (they can only focus on one thing ex. only height or lenght or number)

-which is why they fail conservation

preoperational stage (2-6)

What stage of piaget has

conservation (amount stays same even if appearance changes)

classification of object/categories

seriation

concrete operation 7-11

what stage of piaget has

abstract ideas

hypothetical situations

scientific reasoning

formal oeprational

• Looking for an object that the researcher hides from the participant’s sight

• (which piaget stage already has it)

sensorimotor

Reasoning about how the end result of a story might have changed if the main character had acted differently

(piaget which stage)

formal oeprational

According to Mead, the spontaneous and autonomous part of our unified self is the:

A.id.

B.ego.

C.I.

D.me.

Frued theory (Psychoanalytic theory of personaility)

has three parts which are….

1. Id (the inate drive)

2. Ego (the executive)

3. Superego (the social and moral)

The easiest way to remember them:

Id = wants it now
Ego = figures out how to get it realistically
Superego = says what is right/wrong

The primitive, instinctual part of personality. (Frueds)

"I want pleasure and I want it immediately."

basic drives

Id

The realistic decision-making part of personality.

It operates on the:

Reality principle

"How can I satisfy this desire in a realistic and socially acceptable way?"

Ego

The moral component of personality.

It contains:

• Rules

• Values

• Morality

• Social expectations

It operates on the:

Morality principle

"What is the right thing to do?"

Example:

"I shouldn't cheat because it's wrong."

Superego

the part of yourself that comes from society's expectations, rules, and attitudes.

• What others expect you to do

• Social norms

• Learned behaviors

• Your awareness of how others see you

Mead theory on….

“Me” (social self)

the spontaneous, creative, and unpredictable part of yourself.

It represents:

• Your personal response

• Your individuality

• Your creativity

• Your impulses

meads theory on…

“I” (personal self)

week 2 is an example of what?

fixed or variable

ratio or interval

fixed variable

they get a reward everytime they perform a correct behavior

variable ratio

they get the prize in random fashion, only sometiems when they cope

Answer D

1. Assuming the children live with their parents (i.e., shared environment), the observed relationship between the parents' anxiety symptoms and those of the children can potentially be due to environmental factors, such as social learning (through children's observation of the behavior modeled by their parents), rather than genetic inheritance.

wrong: A—- because it would have to be a causalrelationship—> can’t be concluded from correlational data

Accordi