Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Before

What is the meaning of the greek word “pro” in prokaryotes

Nut

What is the meaning of the greek word “karyon” in prokaryotes?

Before the nut

What is the meaning of the two greek works combined in prokaryotes?

True

What is the meaning of the greak word “eu” in eukaryotes?

3.5 billion years ago

When did the first kind of cell to develop?

Prokaryotes

What was the first kind of cell to develop?

Smaller in size

What is the size of a prokaryote?

Simple internal structure

What is the structure of a prokaryote?

Bacteria, Blue-green algae, Archaeans

Examples of organisms in Prokaryotes (which lives in extreme environments)

Reproduce very fast

Because of the prokaryote’s small size and simple structure, it allows these organisms to _________

Plasma membrane

Is a semipermeable membrane responsible for the prokaryote to allow waste products to pass through

Plasma membrane

It prevents the diffusion of essential products to the external environment

Rigid cell wall

Is responsible for maintaining its shape, especially when cells are exposed to high water influx

Capsule

Acts as protective layer made up of polysaccharides lying outside of the cell wall

Nucleus

The prokaryotic cell lacks a distinct _______

Nucleoid region

Inside, the prokaryotic cell lacks a distinct nucleus but possesses an irregular-shaped region called the ________

Nucleoid region

Where it stores genetic material in the form of DNA

DNA

A form in which the nucleoid region stores its genetic material

Cytoplasm

Is not organized into distinct interior compartments

Ribosomes

Scattered throughout the cytoplasm where proteins are made

Plasmid

Is an independent circular DNA structure apart from its chromosal DNA

Plasmid

Provides the bacteria with some genetic advantages such as antibacterial resistance

Genetic cloning and manipulation

Today, scientists use plasmid for _______ and ________

Appendages

a part of an animal or plant that is attached to a larger or more important part, often a limb or other protruding structure. (e.g., limbs)

Flagellum, Fimbriae, Conjugation Pili

The 3 appendages that prokaryotes possesses

Flagellum

A taillike appendage that allows locomotion

360 degrees

The ___________ rotation of a whiplike tail moving back and forth can propel the bacteria

Flagella

Can sometimes be seen at the end part of the prokaryotic cell or scattered randomly over the surface of the cell

Flagella

Plural form of Flagellum

Fimbriae

Are additional smaller and bristle-like fibers that grow over the prokaryotic cell’s surface

Fimbriae

They help the bacteria to attach themselves to surfaces such as in objects like door knobs or even nasal passages in your nose

Conjugation pili

Are tubular structures present in the cell surface that function for cell-to-cell communication, as well as to pass DNA from one bacterium to the next

Conjugation Pili

These structures are particularly important because some bacteria are very successful in developing drug resistance across bacterial generations

Appendages

Enable the bacteria to communicate information from cell to cell

1.8 billion years ago

When did the new kind of cell evolved?

Eukaryotes

What was the new kind of cell to evolved?

Larger size

What is the size of a eukaryotic cell?

More complex structural components

What is the structure of a eukaryotic cell?

Fungi, Plants, Animals, Protists

Examples of organisms in Eukaryotes (considered higher forms of organisms)

Distinct nucleus

Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material (DNA) encased within a _____

Membrane-bound

These eukaryotic cells have many ________ interior compartments

Organelles

These are neatly arranged in a eukaryotic cell

Animal cells, Plant cells

Two types of eukaryotic cells