Developments in East Asia: Song Dynasty, Culture, and Society

What dynasty replaced the Tang Dynasty in 960?

The Song Dynasty

What economic activity flourished in rural areas during the Song Dynasty?

Proto-industrialization

What major trade goods were exported from China during the Song Dynasty?

Porcelain and silk

What navigational invention improved long-distance trade during the Song Dynasty?

The compass

What was the impact of the Jin Empire's establishment on the Song Dynasty?

Loss of northern land due to invasion by pastoralists from Manchuria

What was the role of the Imperial Bureaucracy in the Song Dynasty?

Appointed officials carried out the empire's policies

What educational system was expanded during the Song Dynasty?

The civil service exam system for lower classes

What was the significance of the Grand Canal in the Song Dynasty?

It served as an inexpensive and efficient waterway for transportation

What agricultural innovation greatly expanded food production in China?

Champa rice

What material did the Song Dynasty first manufacture using coal?

Steel

What was the tributary system in relation to the Song Dynasty?

A system where neighboring states paid tribute to honor the Chinese emperor

Who were the scholar-gentry in Chinese society?

Educated individuals in Confucian philosophy who became influential

What were the three main schools of Buddhism in China?

Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan Buddhism

What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?

1) Life is suffering; 2) Suffering comes from desire; 3) To end suffering, end desire; 4) Follow the Eightfold Path.

What is Zen Buddhism known for?

Direct experience and meditation

Who promoted Buddhism and Confucianism in Japan?

Prince Shotoku Taishi

What period in Japan emulated Chinese traditions?

The Heian period (794-1185)

What was the social structure in Vietnam during its interactions with China?

Operated independently with a focus on Confucianism

What was the primary focus of Confucianism in East Asia?

Filial piety and respect for hierarchy

What was a significant cultural practice among women in China?

Foot binding

What was the impact of the Song Dynasty on technological advancements?

Development of woodblock printing and gunpowder

What was the role of artisans in the Song Dynasty?

They produced goods under government supervision

What was the significance of the Silk Roads during the Song Dynasty?

Facilitated trade and cultural exchange across Asia

What was the relationship between Buddhism and Daoism in East Asia?

They often combined elements, creating syncretic beliefs