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Microphone
A transducer that converts sound waves to an electric signal.
Speakers
Devices that convert electric voltage/current to sound waves.
Sine Wave
A mathematical function used to represent sound waves, related to amplitude, frequency and phase.
Amplitude (a)
Related to the intensity of sound, measured in decibels (dB).
Frequency (f)
Related to perceived pitch, measured in Hertz (Hz).
Phase (θ)
Depends on the relative location of the sound; affects the waveform.
Sampling Rate
The frequency at which samples are taken from a continuous signal to create a digital representation.
Bit Depth
The number of bits used to represent each audio sample, affecting sound quality.
Nyquist-Shannon Theorem
States that the sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency to be sampled accurately.
Quantization Noise
The difference between the actual analog signal and its quantized digital representation.
Lossless Compression
A compression method that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
Lossy Compression
A compression method that reduces data size by removing some information, potentially affecting quality.
Codec
A program or device that compresses and decompresses digital media, combining coder and decoder.
RGB Color Model
A color model using red, green, and blue components to create other colors.
Vector Graphics
Images defined mathematically using lines, curves, and polygons, scalable without loss of quality.
Raster Graphics
An image composed of a matrix of pixels, showing details but can pixelate when enlarged.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
A widely used lossy compression format for digital images, suitable for photographs.
MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)
A standard for compressing video and audio data, used in streaming and playback.
File Container
A format that combines audio and video streams into one file, allowing varied data types.
High Dynamic Range (HDR)
Techniques that allow for greater variation between the darkest and brightest parts of an image.
FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
A lossless audio compression format used for high-quality audio archival.
MP3 (Moving Pictures Experts Group Audio Layer III)
A common lossy compression format that sacrifices some audio quality for reduced file size.
