Chapter 7 syllabus questions

light dependent stage [4]

1. Chlorophyll a absorbs light energy & is oxidized (loses and electron)/photooxidization

2. Energy from the electron is used to produce ATTP by combining ADP + P

3. The electron is added to NADP to make NADPH

4. Photolysis occurs to release the electron and recharge chlorophyll a to restart the cycle

light independent cycle [5]

1. ATP and NADPH are provided from the light dependent cycle

2. enzyme rubisco combines co2 from the outside environment with rubp to form GP

3. using the energy from ATP and NADPH GP is converted to triose phosphate

4. 1/6 of triose phosphate is used to make glucose

5. 5/6 of triose phosphate is used to make rubp that goes back into the cycle allowing the cycle to be repeated

limiting factors of photosynthesis [4]

1. warm temperature

2. sufficient co2 concentration

3. approproate wavelengths

4. sufficient light intensity

chemosynthesis reactants & products (equation+words) [1]

12h2s + 6co2 > c6h12o6 + 6h2o + 12s

chemosynthesis byproducts [1]

sulfur and water

endoriftia & riftia relationships [4]

1. mutualistic symbiosis

2. endoriftia live inside riftia

3. riftia feed off glucose & amino acids made by endoriftia

4. endoriftia get shelter, protection, and a constant supply of molecules for chemosynthesis

how endoriftia complete photosynthesis [4]

1. plumes of riftia take in o2, h2s and co2 from the water

2. the circulatory system of the riftia transports nutrients throughout the body

3. the molecules reach the trophosome where the chemosynthetic bacteria fix the co2 into glucose

4. glucose transported throughout body and used as the riftia’s energy source

aerobic respiration equations & word form [1]

glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water & c6h12o6 + 6o2 > 6co2 + 6h2o

anaerobic respiration [3]

1. release of energy from glucose or another organic substrate in the absence of oxygen

2. animals produce lactate, plants produce ethanol and carbon dioxide

3. produces 2 ATP

aerobic respiration [3]

1. requires oxygen

2. produces carbon dioxide

3. produces 38 ATP

why does brown & red algae survive better than green algae at greater depth? [3]

1. they can compete better than green algae because they lack xanthophyll & phycobilins

2. chlorophylls a & b and carotene absorb very little light from the green area of the spectrum

3. the rate of photosynthesis is higher were red light isnt increased

describe the light-dependent stage in photosynthesis [10]

1. in the thylakoid membrane

2. solar energy produces protons

3. photoactivation occurs/electrons in

4. chlorophyll a get excited

5. adp > atp

6. nadp > nadph

7. go on to the light independent stage

8. used to create glucose

9. photolysis occurs to replace electron

10. produces oxygen

experiment (non-specified) [2]

1. incorrect conclusion

2. methane gas has a higher effect on concentration

what helps with chemosynthesis?[1]

1. chemosynthetic bacteria

why cant aphotic zone organisms perform photosynthesis? [3]

1. lack of sunlight at disphotic zone

2. no planys

3. enzymes denature due to temperature

outline how endoriftia produces glucose by photosynthesis [2]

1. endoriftia takes in co2 and hydrogen sulfide

2. processes them into glucose/energy

explain the relationship between riftia & endoriftia [3]

1. mutualistic

2. endoriftia gives riftia nutrients

3. riftia gives endorifitia shelter, protection and nutrients